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1859 - 2015 USGS CoNED Topobathy DEM (Compiled 2016): Chesapeake Bay
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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  1859 - 2015 USGS CoNED Topobathy DEM (Compiled 2016): Chesapeake Bay
            alternateTitle:  ches_coned_m8656_metadata
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                date:  2016-05-01
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                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
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        abstract:  Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, and the second-costliest with an estimated $71.4 billion (2013 USD). Hurricane Sandy affected 24 states, including the entire eastern seaboard with particularly severe damage in New Jersey and New York. In response to the storm, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program in collaboration with the USGS National Geospatial Program (NGP), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed a three-dimensional (3D) 1-meter topobathymetric elevation model (TBDEM) for the Chesapeake Bay region including the District of Columbia, states of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia and the adjacent coastline. High-resolution coastal elevation data is required to identify flood, hurricane, and sea-level rise inundation hazard zones and other earth science applications, such as the development of sediment transport and storm surge models. The new TBDEM consists of the best available multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data for the District of Columbia, states of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia and coastal areas. The Chesapeake Bay TBDEM integrates over 261 different data sources including topographic and bathymetric LiDAR point clouds, hydrographic surveys, side-scan sonar surveys, and multi-beam surveys obtained from USGS, NOAA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other state and local agencies. The LiDAR and bathymetry surveys were sorted and prioritized based on survey date, accuracy, spatial distribution, and point density to develop a model based on the best available elevation data. Because bathymetric data are typically referenced to tidal referenced datums (such as Mean High Water or Mean Low Water), all tidally-referenced heights were transformed into orthometric heights that are normally used for mapping elevation on land (based on the North American Vertical Datum of 1988). The spatial resolution is 1 meter and includes the Chesapeake Bay region, District of Columbia, States of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The temporal range of the input topography and bathymetry is 1859 to 2015.
        purpose:  As a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP), the National Geospatial Program (NGP), and the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), the CoNED Applications Project integrates disparate light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and bathymetric data sources into a common 3D database aligned both vertically and horizontally to a common reference system. CoNED Project TBDEM elevation model development is focused in select regions around the U.S. Coast, such as in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM), the Hurricane Sandy Region, the San Francisco Bay Region, the Pacific Northwest, and the North Slope of Alaska. CoNED Project topobathymetric elevation models (TBDEM) provide a required seamless elevation product for several science application studies such as shoreline delineation, coastal inundation mapping, sediment-transport, sea-level rise, storm surge models, tsunami impact assessment, and also to analyze the impact of various climate change scenarios on coastal regions. The raster elevation topobathymetric elevation product, the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata, and the spatially referenced metadata are contained in the downloadable bundle. Spatially referenced metadata are contained within an ESRI geodatabase that contains footprints for each of the source input areas. The National Map provides basic elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States. The data are utilized by the scientific and resource management communities for global change research, hydrologic modeling, resource monitoring, and mapping and visualization applications. References: USGS Gesch, D.B., 2007, The National Elevation Dataset, in Maune, D., ed., Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual, 2nd Edition, in Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM Users Manual, 2nd Edition, Bethesda, Maryland, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, p. 99-118. Sugarbaker, L.J., Constance, E.W., Heidemann, H.K., Jason, A.L., Lukas, Vicki, Saghy, D.L., and Stoker, J.M., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program initiativeA call for action: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1399, 35 p. Winters, W.J., Lorenson, T.D., and Paull, C.K., eds., 2007, Initial Report of the IMAGES VIII/PAGE 127 Gas Hydrate and Paleoclimate Cruise on the RV Marion Dufresne in the Gulf of Mexico, 2-18 July 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1358, one DVD, online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1358/ USGS - Woods Hhole Coastal and Marine Science Center Pendleton, E.A., Ackerman, S.D., Baldwin, W.E., Danforth, W.W., Foster, D.S., Thieler, E.R., and Brothers, L.L. 2015, High-resolution geophysical data collected along the Delmarva Peninsula, 2014, USGS Field Activity 2014-002-FA (ver. 3.0, December 2015): U.S. Geological Survey data release at http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/
        credit:  Please refer to the Data Quality Section, Source Citations for original source data information., Jeffrey Danielson / Dean Tyler *, U.S. Geological Survey, Physical Geographer
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            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 1859 - 2015 USGS CoNED Topobathy DEM (Compiled 2016): Chesapeake Bay [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/55321.
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            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
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            otherConstraints:  Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations.
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            otherConstraints:  Distribution Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results. Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of USGS, NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.
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        language:  eng; US
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                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  1859-01-01
                    endPosition:  2015-01-31
        supplementalInformation:  The data obtained through Earth Explorer, http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov, and The National Map Viewer, http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html, is considered to be the "best available" data from the USGS. For questions on distribution, please refer to the Distribution Section, Contact Information. For processing, please see Data Quality Section, Processing Step, and Contact Information.
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8656
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, map projection, file format, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dem/Chesapeake_Coned_update_DEM_2016_8656/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Bulk download of data files in the original coordinate system.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  The horizontal accuracy for the integrated topobathymetric model was not assessed quantitatively.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  The vertical accuracy of the input topographic data varies depending on the input source. Because the input elevation data were derived primarily from LiDAR, the vertical accuracy ranges from 15 to 20 centimeters in root mean square error (RMSE). The vertical accuracy for the integrated topobathymetric model was not assessed quantitatively.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The principal methodology for developing the integrated topobathymetric elevation model can be organized into three main components. The "topography component" consists of the land-based elevation data, which is primarily comprised from high-resolution LiDAR data. The topographic source data will include LiDAR data from different sensors (Topographic, Bathymetric) with distinct spectral wavelengths (NIR-1064nm, Green-532nm). The "bathymetry component" consists of hydrographic sounding (acoustic) data collected using boats rather than bathymetry acquired from LiDAR. The most common forms of bathymetry that are used include: multi-beam, single-beam, and swath. The final component, "Integration", encompasses the assimilation of the topographic and bathymetric data along the near-shore based on a predefined set of priorities. The land/water interface (+1 m- -1.5 m) is the most critical area, and green laser systems, such as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL-B) and the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging LiDAR (CZMIL) that cross the near-shore interface are valuable in developing a seamless transition. The end product from the topography and bathymetry components is a raster with associated spatial masks and metadata that can be passed to the integration component for final model incorporation. Topo/Bathy Creation Steps: Topography Processing Component: a) Quality control check the vertical and horizontal datum and projection information of the input lidar source to ensure the data is referenced to NAVD88 and NAD83, UTM. If the source data is not NAVD88, transform the input LiDAR data to NAVD88 reference frame using current National Geodetic Survey (NGS) geoid models. Likewise, if required, convert the input source data to NAD83 and reproject to UTM. b) Check the classification of the topographic LiDAR data to verify the data are classified with the appropriate classes. If the data have not been classified, then classify the raw point cloud data to non-ground (class 1) ground (class 2), and water (class 9) classes using LP360-Classify. c) Derive associated breaklines from the classified LiDAR to capture internal water bodies, such as lakes and ponds and inland waterways. Inland waterways and water bodies will be hydro-flattened where no bathymetry is present. d) Extract the ground returns from the classified LiDAR data and randomly spatial subset the points into two point sets based on the criteria of 95 percent of the points for the "Actual Selected" set and the remaining 5 percent for the "Test Control" set. The "Actual Selected" points will be gridded in the terrain model along with associated breaklines and masks to generate the topographic surface, while the "Test Control" points will be used to compute the interpolation accuracy (Root Mean Square Error) from the derived surface. e) Generate the minimum convex hull boundary from the classified ground LiDAR points that creates a mask that extracts the perimeter of the exterior LiDAR points. The mask is then applied in the terrain to remove extraneous terrain artifacts outside of the extent of the ground LiDAR points. f) Using a terrain model based on triangulated irregular networks (TINs), grid the "Actual Selected" ground points using breaklines and the minimum convex hull boundary mask at a 3-meter spatial resolution using a natural neighbor interpolation algorithm. g) Compute the interpolation accuracy by comparing elevation values in the "Test Control" points to values extracted from the derived gridded surface; report the results in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-05-02T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Bathymetry Processing Component: a) Quality control check the vertical and horizontal datum and projection information of the input bathymetric source to ensure the data is referenced to NAVD88 and NAD83, UTM. If the source data is not NAVD88, transform the input bathymetric data to NAVD88 reference frame using VDatum. Likewise, if required, convert the input source data to NAD83 and reproject to UTM. b) Prioritize and spatially sort the bathymetry based on date of acquisition, spatial distribution, accuracy, and point density to eliminate any outdated or erroneous points and to minimize interpolation artifacts. c) Randomly spatial subset the bathymetric points into two point sets based on the criteria of 95 percent of the points for the "Actual Selected" set and the remaining 5 percent for the "Test Control" set. The "Actual Selected" points will be gridded in the empirical bayesian krigging model along with associated masks to generate the bathymetric surface, while the "Test Control" points will be used to compute the interpolation accuracy (Root Mean Square Error)from the derived surface. d) Spatially interpolate bathymetric single-beam, multi-beam, and hydrographic survey source data using an empirical bayesian krigging gridding algorithm. This approach uses a geostatistical interpolation method that accounts for the error in estimating the underlying semivariogram (data structure - variance) through repeated simulations. e) Cross validation - Compare the predicted value in the geostatistical model to the actual observed value to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of model parameters by removing each data location one at a time and predicting the associated data value. The results will be reported in terms of RMSE. f) Compute the interpolation accuracy by comparing elevation values in the "Test Control" points to values extracted from the derived gridded surface; report the results in terms of RMSE.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-05-02T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Mosaic Dataset Processing (Integration) Component: a) Determined priority of input data based on project characteristics, including acquisition dates, cell size, retention of features, water surface treatment, visual inspection and presence of artifacts. b) Develop an ArcGIS geodatabase (Mosaic Dataset) and spatial seamlines for each individual topographic (minimum convex hull boundary) and bathymetric raster layer included in the integrated elevation model. c) Generalize seamline edges to smooth transition boundaries between neighboring raster layers and split complex raster datasets with isolated regions into individual unique raster groups. d) Develop an integrated shoreline transition zone from the best available topographic and bathymetric data to blend the topographic and bathymetric elevation sources. Where feasible, use the minimum convex hull boundary, create a buffer to logically mask input topography/bathymetry data. Then, through the use of TINs, interpolate the selected topographic and bathymetric points to gap-fill, if required any near-shore holes in the bathymetric coverage. Topobathymetric LiDAR data sources such as the EAARL-B or CZMIL systems provide up-to-date, high-resolution data along the critical land/water interface within inter-tidal zone. e) Prioritize and spatially sort the input topographic and bathymetric raster layers based on date of acquisition and accuracy to sequence the raster data in the integrated elevation model. f) Based on the prioritization, spatially mosaic the input raster data sources to create a seamless topobathymetric composite at a cell size of 3 meters using blending (spatial weighting). g) Performed a visual quality assurance (Q/A) assessment on the output composite to review the mosaic seams for artifacts. h) Generate spatially referenced metadata for each unique data source. The spatially reference metadata consists of a group of geospatial polygons that represent the spatial footprint of each data source used in the generation of the topobathymetric dataset. Each polygon is to be populated with attributes that describe the source data, such as, resolution, acquisition date, source name, source organization, source contact, source project, source URL, and data type (topographic LiDAR, bathymetric LiDAR, multi-beam bathymetry, single-beam bathymetry, etc.).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2016-05-02T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received one Digital Elevation Model (DEM) file from USGS. The data was in UTM Zone 18 (NAD83) coordinates and NAVD88 elevations in meters. The bare earth raster file was at a 1 meter grid spacing. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. Tiled the one large DEM file into smaller files using Global Mapper. 2. Copied the files to https
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2018-12-20T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: 2014 NOAA Post Hurricane Sandy Topobathymetric LiDAR Mapping for Shoreline Mapping
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  2014 NOAA Post Hurricane Sandy Topobathymetric LiDAR Mapping for Shoreline Mapping
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2014-08-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (inapplicable)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: ftp://coast.noaa.gov/pub/DigitalCoast/lidar1_z/geoid12b/data/4800/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Bathymetry - 1859 to 2000 , NOAA, National Centers for Environmental Information Scientific stewardship, products, and services for ocean depth data and derived digital elevation models
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Bathymetry - Multiple Data; D00110; F00280; F00306; F00389; F00424; F00438; F00454; H03311; H03343; H04018; H04019; H05197; H05198; H05199; H05228; H05229; H05237; H05295; H05327; H05328; H05329; H05374; H05403; H05416; H05432; H05469; H05501; H05531; H05674; H05703; H05715; H05770; H06359; H06360; H06361; H06366; H06367; H06368; H06369; H06370; H06371; H06372; H06373; H06374; H06375; H06376; H06597; H06598; H06599; H06600; H06601; H06602; H06603; H06604; H06605; H06683; H06775; H06776; H06779; H06876; H06877; H06878; H06949; H06950; H06951; H06952; H06953; H06954; H06955; H06956; H06958; H06966; H06996; H06997; H06998; H07001; H07002; H07003; H07009; H07010; H07011; H07021; H07022; H07025; H07027; H07032; H07043; H07047; H07064; H07065; H07075; H07083; H07087; H07091; H07092; H07093; H07094; H07154; H07155; H07156; H07157; H07160; H07174; H07181; H07184; H07610; H07611; H07612; H07641; H07642; H07680; H07714; H07778; H07779; H07780; H07781; H07782; H07879; H07880; H07881; H07882; H078
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2009-01-01
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (inapplicable)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: USGS historical and current 3 Bare-earth DEMs (3D) National Elevation Data
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Chesapeake_NED_10-meter; MD_DNR_2002Sep_NOAA_1-meter; MD_DNR_2003Mar_NOAA_1-meter; MD_DNR_2004Apr_NOAA_1-meter; MD_BaltimoreCo_2005Apr_USGS_1-meter; MD_CecilCo_2005Apr_USGS_1-meter; MD_CarrollCo_2006Mar_USGS_1-meter; Kent, Queen Anne, Caroline Counties Lidar Mapping 2006 1-meter; MD_HarfordCo_2007Dec_USGS_1-meter; MD_DistrictColumbia_2008Mar_USGS_1-meter; PA_SouthCentral_2008Mar_USGS_1-meter; PAMD_Susquehanna_Hydro_Enforced_2010_USGS_1-meter; VA_11Counties_2010Apr_USGS_1-meter; VA_EasternShore_2010Mar_USGS_1-meter; MD_CalvertCo_2011Mar_USGS_1-meter; MD_WorcesterCo_2011Mar_USGS_1-meter; VA_MiddleCos_2011May_FEMA_1-meter; VA_KingWilliamCo_2011Apr_FEMA_1-meter; VA_NorthCounties_2011Apr_FEMA_1-meter; VA_LoudounCo_2011Dec_FEMA_1-meter; VAWVMD_R3Lot5_2012Mar_FEMA_1-meter; MD_5Counties_2012FebMar_NRCS_1-meter; VA_SoHamptonCo_2012Jan_FEMA_1-meter; DEMD_Statewide_2013Dec_Lidar data for SANDY_Restoration_DE_MD_QL2; VA_Norfolk_2013Mar_USGS_1-meter; VA_EasternVirginia_2014Mar_USGS_1-meter; MDVADC_
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (inapplicable)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: Bathymetry from Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts , U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Field Activity Data High-resolution geophysical data collected along the Delmarva Peninsula 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2014-002-FA
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  DELMARVA_Bathy_USGS5-meter bathymetric data collected in 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey along the Delmarva Peninsula, MD and VA 10-Meter
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (inapplicable)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami forecasting and modeling efforts at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The DEMs are part of the tsunami forecast system SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis) currently being developed by PMEL for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers, and are used in the MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model developed by PMEL to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW) and horizontal datum of World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Grid spacings for the DEMs range from 1/3 arc-second (~10 meters) to 3 arc-seconds (~90 meters).
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  VA, Virginia Beach 2005 10-Meter; NJ Ocean City10-Meter
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName: (inapplicable)
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dem/squareCellGrid/download/381
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  Source Citation URL
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role: (inapplicable)