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2010 USGS Lidar: Nome Creek, Alaska
 (MI_Metadata)
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        organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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            phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                voice:  (843) 740-1202
            address:  (CI_Address)
                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
                country: (missing)
                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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      DateTime:  2020-09-15T00:00:00
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    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2010 USGS Lidar: Nome Creek, Alaska
            alternateTitle:  ak2010_nome_creek_m8531_metadata.xml
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2010-11-17
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                authority:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                    date: (inapplicable)
                code:
                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 52686
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName: (inapplicable)
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) website
                        description:  Information on the NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM)
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid12b/data/8531/supplemental/ak2010_nome_creek_m8531_lidar_report.pdf
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  Dataset report
                        description:  Link to data set report.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                role: (inapplicable)
            presentationForm: (unknown)
        abstract:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded this lidar data from the USGS site: ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/NED/LPC/Projects/AK_NomeCreek_2010/ and processed the data to be available on the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). NOAA Office for Coastal Management processed all classifications of points to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). Classes available on the DAV are: 1 (Unclassified/Unknown. Data from overlapping flightlines that were not used for generating elevation/surface models are marked with the withheld flag (bit 7 of the classification word), 2 (Ground), 7 (Noise). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has a requirement for high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and LIDAR returns needed for mapping canopy heights. The vertical accuracy shall be less than 30 cm vertical RMSEz. This data will be used in the USGS Nome Creek project on the intensive site in Nome Creek. The Nome Creek LiDAR project was carried out to provide high accuracy processed LiDAR data suitable for the approximately 90 square miles of the project area. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) non-bare earth points will be used for determining canopy height. Canopy height will be used to map leaf area index (LAI) and biomass in conjunction with high resolution spectral imagery and radar. The high resolution DEM will be used for hydrological models, wetland catchment basin delineation, and to assist hybrid optical and radar remote sensing techniques to map soil moisture. This project is a USGS collaborative effort to understand, monitor, and predict the effects of climate change on water, wildlife, human subsistence, and climate regulation. The project consisted of acquisition, post-processing, and classification of LiDAR data. The LiDAR data was collected at a nominal point spacing of 2.095 meters throughout the project area. Vertical accuracy was to achieve a RMSE Z of 30cm (95% confidence level of less than 59cm) or better in the "Open Terrain" land cover category. Accuracy statements are based on the area of moderate to flat terrain. Diminished accuracies are to be expected in areas in dense vegetation. The accuracy of the LiDAR data as tested met the vertical accuracy or better, however, derived products may be less accurate in areas of dense vegetation due to a lesser number of points defining the bare-earth in these areas.
        credit:  Aero-Metric, Inc., USGS The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Oct 20, 2020 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) unknown
        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid12b/data/8531/supplemental/ak2010_nome_creek_m8531.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic displays the footprint for this lidar data set.
            fileType:  KML
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  beach
            keyword:  DEM
            keyword:  digital elevation model
            keyword:  erosion
            keyword:  laser
            keyword:  lidar
            keyword:  LIDAR
            keyword:  Light Detection and Ranging
            keyword:  Point Cloud
            keyword:  Topography
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Earth Science > Land Surface > Topography > Terrain Elevation
            keyword:  Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coastal Elevation
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > Alaska
            keyword:  Vertical Location > Land Surface
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Nome Creek
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Active Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > Lidar/Laser Sounders > LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Aircraft > Aircraft
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of USGS, NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_SecurityConstraints)
            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                date: (unknown)
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  52686
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName: (inapplicable)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/52686.pdf
                            protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -147.244659
                eastBoundLongitude:  -146.861693
                southBoundLatitude:  65.283584
                northBoundLatitude:  65.425426
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimeInstant:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    timePosition:  2010-10-05
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)
            name:  LAZ
            version: (missing)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar2_z/geoid12b/data/8531
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8531
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  These data products were acquired at 3800 meters above mean terrain (AMT) and have a horizontal accuracy of 1.05 meters with a nominal point spacing of 2.095 meters per manufacturer's specifications, not field verified.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  The Fundamental Vertical Accuracy (FVA) of the Classified Bare Earth for this project was 0.067 meters at a 95% confidence level in the "Open Terrain" land cover category. The RMSE is 0.034 cm. A total of 3082 QC points were used in assessing this project's vertical accuracy.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Complete
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  None
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The LiDAR data was captured using AERO-METRIC's twin-engine, fixed wing aircraft equipped with a LiDAR system. The LiDAR system includes a differential GPS unit and inertial measurement system to provide superior accuracy. Acquisition parameters: 1. Scanner - Optech ALTM Gemini 2. Flight Height - 3800m above mean terrain 3. Scan Angle - 14 degrees 4. Sidelap - 50% for both areas 5. Nominal Post Spacing - 2.095 meters GPS and IMU processing parameters: 1. Processing Programs and version - Applanix - POSGPS and POSProc, versions 4.4 2. Maximum baseline length - Not greater than 40km. 3. IMU processing monitored for consistency and smoothness - Yes. Point Cloud Processing: 1. Program and version - Optech LMS 2. Horizontal Datum - NAD83(CORS96) 3. Horizontal Coordinates - Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 6, in Meters. 4. Vertical Datum - NAVD88 5. Geoid Model used to reduce ellipsoid heights to orthometric elevations - NGS Geoid06. LIDAR Processing: 1. Processing Programs and versions - TerraSolid TerraScan (version 009.004), TerraModeler (version 009.001 and TerraMatch (version 009.001) and Intergraph MicroStation (version.08.01.02.15). 2. Point Cloud data is imported to TerraScan in a Microstation V8 (V) CAD environment on a specified 5000 foot by 5000 foot tiling scheme. 3. Analyze the data for overall compleness and consistency. This is to ensure that there are no voids in the data collection. 4. Inspect for calibration errors in the dataset using the TerraMatch software. This is accomplished by sampling the data collected accross all flight lines and classifying the idividual lines to ground. The software will use the ground-classified lines to compute corrections (Heading, Pitch, Roll, and Scale). 5. Orientation corrections (i.e. Calibration corrections) are then applied (if needed) to the entire dataset. 6. Automatic ground classification is performed using algorithms with customized parameters to best fit the project area. Several areas of varying relief and planimetric features were inspected to verify the final ground surface. 7. Design Alaska, INC. provided Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) data for this project. Design Alaska captured QA/QC points in 'open terrian' land cover category that were used to test the accuracy of the LiDAR ground surface. TerraScan's Output Control Report (OCR) was used to compare the QAQC data to the LIDAR data. This routine searches the LIDAR dataset by X and Y coordinate, finds the closest LIDAR point and compares the vertical (Z) values to the known data collected in the field. Based on the QAQC data, a bias adjustment was determined, and the results were applied to the LIDAR data. A final OCR was performed with a resulting RMSE of 0.10m. 8. Once the automatic processing and the testing of LiDAR is complete, AERO-METRIC meticulously reviews the generated bare-earth surface data to insure that proper classification was achieved as part of a Quality Control process. 9. Final deliverables are generated and output to a 1000m by 1000m tiling scheme in accordance with client specifications.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2010-11-16T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded 267 laz files from the USGS rockyftp site. The files contained elevation and intensity measurements for the Nome Creek, Alaska project area. The data were in UTM Zone 6 coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid06) elevations in meters. The data were classified as: 1 -Unclassified, 2 - Ground, 7 - Noise. The NOAA Office for Coastal Management processed all classifications of points to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). Classes available on the DAV are: 1, 2, 7. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. The LAStools software scripts lasinfo and lasvalidate were run on the laz files to check for errors. 2. An internal OCM script was run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps and intensity ranges. 3. Internal OCM scripts were run on the laz files to convert from orthometric (NAVD88) elevations to ellipsoid elevations using the Geoid06 model, to convert from UTM Zone 6 coordinates to geographic coordinates, to assign the geokeys, to sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to http.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2018-05-17T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID12B) meters, using the GEOID12B grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2020-10-20T04:55:47
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor