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2018 USGS Lidar: North Slope, AK - QL1
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                voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
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                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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      DateTime:  2023-05-30T18:10:32
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                      organisationName:  European Petroleum Survey Group
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                  title:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID12B) meters
                  alternateTitle:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID12B) meters
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                        axisDirection:  up
              code:  urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5703
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2018 USGS Lidar: North Slope, AK - QL1
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2019-05-02
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
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                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 63140
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                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/63140
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                        description:  View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.
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                        linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/9197/supplemental/2019_North_Slope_Borough_Communities_3DEP_LiDAR_Technical_Data_Report.pdf
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                role: (inapplicable)
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        abstract:  Product: Classified light detection and ranging (lidar) LAS 1.4 files formatted to 4,474 1500 ft x 1500 ft tiles. In July 2018, Quantum Spatial (QSI) was contracted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to collect Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in the summer of 2018 for several areas of interest (AOIs), comprising the North Slope Borough Communities 3DEP LiDAR project in Alaska. Data were collected to aid USGS in assessing the topographic and geophysical properties of the study area, to support its mission to gather high quality 3D elevation data over the state of Alaska. Due to inclement weather and the short acquisition timeframe in Alaska, QSI was able to collect LiDAR data in eight out of the eleven contracted AOIs in the 2018 acquisition season: Atqasuk, Barrow North, Barrow South, Barrow Village, Deadhorse, Kaktovic, Nuiqsut and Wainwright. Data collection for the remaining AOIs: Anaktuvuk Pass, Point Lay, and Point Hope was then completed in the summer of 2019. Dataset Description: The North Slope Borough 3DEP LiDAR project called for the planning, acquisition, and processing of LiDAR data collected at an aggregate nominal pulse spacing (ANPS) of either 0.35 meters or 0.70 meters depending on area. Project specifications are based on the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Program Base LiDAR Specification, Version 1.3. The data was developed based on the NAD83(2011) horizontal datum and NAVD88 (GEOID12B) vertical datum. Data was projected in the appropriate Alaska State Plane Zone for its location. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  The purpose of the lidar data was to produce a high accuracy 3D dataset that meets all necessary standards laid out by the 3DEP initiative. The raw lidar point cloud data were used to create classified lidar las files, hydroflattened DEMs, highest hit DSMs, intensity images, 2 foot contours, 3D hydro breaklines, and 3D building footprints.
        credit:  USGS, Quantum Spatial, Inc. The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Aug 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) notPlanned
        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/9197/supplemental/extent_AK_nslope_QL1_m9197.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic displays the footprint for this lidar data set.
            fileType:  KML
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY > COASTAL BATHYMETRY
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
            keyword:  CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > ALASKA
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > SEA FLOOR
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > Alaska > Kaktovic
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > Alaska > North Slope
            keyword:  Continent > North America > United States Of America > U.S. Coastline > Alaska
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  14.9
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Airplane > Airplane
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  14.9
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
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                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
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            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 2018 USGS Lidar: North Slope, AK - QL1 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/63140.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners
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            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
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                title:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
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                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  63140
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                    organisationName: (inapplicable)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/63140.pdf
                            protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
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            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -166.84204
                eastBoundLongitude:  -143.606958
                southBoundLatitude:  68.091777
                northBoundLatitude:  71.31159
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:  Collection dates of lidar. | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2018-07-14
                    endPosition:  2019-08-18
        supplementalInformation:  CONTRACTOR: Quantum Spatial, Inc. Ground Control Points were acquired by Umiaq. Quantum Spatial coordinated the data acquisition and performed all calibration, follow up processing, and creation of the final derived products. The following are the USGS lidar fields in JSON: { "ldrinfo" : { "ldrspec" : "U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - National Geospatial Program (NGP) Lidar Base Specification v1.3", "ldrsens" : "Leica ALS80", "ldrmaxnr" : "15", "ldrnps" : "0.5", "ldrdens" : "4", "ldranps" : "0.35", "ldradens" : "8", "ldrfltht" : "1750", "ldrfltsp" : "115", "ldrscana" : "30", "ldrscanr" : "58.4", "ldrpulsr" : "321.4", "ldrpulsd" : "2.5", "ldrpulsw" : "0.75", "ldrwavel" : "1064", "ldrmpia" : "2", "ldrbmdiv" : "0.22", "ldrswatw" : "938", "ldrswato" : "60", "ldrgeoid" : "National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid12B" }, "ldrinfo" : { "ldrspec" : "U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - National Geospatial Program (NGP) Lidar Base Specification v1.3", "ldrsens" : "Leica ALS80", "ldrmaxnr" : "15", "ldrnps" : "1", "ldrdens" : "1", "ldranps" : "0.70", "ldradens" : "2", "ldrfltht" : "1750", "ldrfltsp" : "140", "ldrscana" : "38", "ldrscanr" : "53.3", "ldrpulsr" : "202", "ldrpulsd" : "2.5", "ldrpulsw" : "0.75", "ldrwavel" : "1064", "ldrmpia" : "1", "ldrbmdiv" : "0.22", "ldrswatw" : "1205", "ldrswato" : "30", "ldrgeoid" : "National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid12B" }, "ldraccur" : { "ldrchacc" : "0.5", "rawnva" : "0.042", "rawnvan" : "45", "clsnva" : "0.042", "clsnvan" : "45", "clsvva" : "0.154", "clsvvan" : "24" }, "lasinfo" : { "lasver" : "1.4", "lasprf" : "6", "laswheld" : "Withheld (ignore) points were identified in these files using the standard LAS Withheld bit.", "lasolap" : "Swath "overage" points were identified in these files using the standard LAS overlap bit.", "lasintr" : "16", "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "1", "clasitem" : "Processed, but Unclassified" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "2", "clasitem" : "Bare Earth Ground" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "3", "clasitem" : "Low Vegetation (0.5-2 meters)" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "4", "clasitem" : "Medium Vegetation (2-6 meters)" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "5", "clasitem" : "High Vegetation (6+ meters)" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "6", "clasitem" : "Buildings" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "7", "clasitem" : "Noise" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "9", "clasitem" : "Water" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "17", "clasitem" : "Bridge Decks" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "20", "clasitem" : "Ignored Ground" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "21", "clasitem" : "Snow" } }}
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)
            name:  Zip
            version: (missing)
            fileDecompressionTechnique:  Zip
        distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)
            name:  LAZ
            version: (missing)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9197/details/9197
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/9197/
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document. They will be in an orthometric datum.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Absolute accuracy was assessed using Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) reporting designed to meet guidelines presented in the FGDC National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy. NVA compares known ground check point data that were withheld from the calibration and post-processing of the LiDAR point cloud to the triangulated surface generated by the unclassified LiDAR point cloud as well as the derived gridded bare earth DEM. NVA is a measure of the accuracy of LiDAR point data in open areas where the LiDAR system has a high probability of measuring the ground surface and is evaluated at the 95% confidence interval (1.96 * RMSE). The mean and standard deviation (sigma ) of divergence of the ground surface model from quality assurance point coordinates are also considered during accuracy assessment. These statistics assume the error for x, y and z is normally distributed, and therefore the skew and kurtosis of distributions are also considered when evaluating error statistics. For the North Slope Borough Communities survey, 56 ground check points were withheld from the calibration and post processing of the LiDAR point cloud, with resulting non-vegetated vertical accuracy of 0.140 feet (0.043 meters) as compared to unclassified LAS, and 0.139 feet (0.042 meters) as compared to the bare earth DEM, with 95% confidence. NVA of unclassified LAS files RMSE = 0.072 ft (0.022 m).
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  These LAS data files include all data points collected. No points have been removed or excluded. A visual qualitative assessment was performed to ensure data completeness. No void areas or missing data exist. The raw point cloud is of good quality and data passes Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy specifications.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Data covers the entire area specified for this delivery 1 area.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  LiDAR Pre-Processing: 1. Review flight lines and data to ensure complete coverage of the study area and positional accuracy of the laser points. 2. Resolve kinematic corrections for aircraft position data using kinematic aircraft GPS and static ground GPS data. 3. Develop a smoothed best estimate of trajectory (SBET) file that blends post-processed aircraft position with sensor head position and attitude recorded throughout the survey. 4. Calculate laser point position by associating SBET position to each laser point return time, scan angle, intensity, etc. Create raw laser point cloud data for the entire survey in *.las format. Convert data to orthometric elevations by applying a geoid correction. 5. Import raw laser points into manageable blocks (less than 500 MB) to perform manual relative accuracy calibration and filter erroneous points. Classify ground points for individual flight lines. 6. Using ground classified points per each flight line, test the relative accuracy. Perform automated line-to-line calibrations for system attitude parameters (pitch, roll, heading), mirror flex (scale) and GPS/IMU drift. Calculate calibrations on ground classified points from paired flight lines and apply results to all points in a flight line. Use every flight line for relative accuracy calibration. 7. Adjust the point cloud by comparing ground classified points to supplemental ground control points.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-04-30T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  LiDAR Post-Processing: 1. Classify data to ground and other client designated classifications using proprietary classification algorithms. 2. Manually QC data classification 3. After completion of classification and final QC approval, calculate final NVA for the project using ground control quality check points.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-04-30T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded this data set from this USGS site: ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/AK_NorthSlopeBorough_2018_B18/ All 14 subfolders, or blocks, were downloaded. The total number of files downloaded and processed was 5,467. OCM determined the following information regarding the USGS Quality Level (QL) and Alaska State Plane Zone projection for each block: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "NAD83(2011) / Alaska zone 4 (ftUS)" B9 = QL1 B12 = QL2 B2 = QL1 B6 (2 AOIs) = QL2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ "NAD83(2011) / Alaska zone 2 (ftUS)" B1 = QL1 B5 = QL2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "NAD83(2011) / Alaska zone 6 (ftUS)" B3 = QL1 (2 AOIs) B7 (3 AOIs) = QL2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "NAD83(2011) / Alaska zone 7 (ftUS)" B4 = QL1 B8 = QL2 B10 = QL1 B13 = QL2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "NAD83(2011) / Alaska zone 8 (ftUS)" B11 = Ql1 B14 = QL2 The data were in the above Alaska State Plane zones, (NAD83 2011), U.S. Feet coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid12B) elevations in U.S Feet. The data were classified as: 1 - Unclassified, 2 - Ground, 3- Low Vegetation (0.5 - 2 meters), 4 - Medium Vegetation (2 - 6 meters), 5 - High Vegetation (6+ meters), 6 - Buildings, 7 - Noise, 9 - Water, 17 - Bridge Decks, 20 - Ignored Ground, 21 - Snow. OCM processed all classifications of points to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). For this mission, only folders Blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 and 11 were processed, as these were the QL1 files. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. An internal OCM script was run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps and intensity ranges. 2. Internal OCM scripts were run on the laz files to convert from orthometric (NAVD88) elevations to ellipsoid elevations using the Geoid12B model, to convert from Alaska State Plane (NAD83 2011), U.S. Feet coordinates to geographic coordinates, to assign the geokeys, to sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to http.
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LI_Source)
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Lidar Data
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Quantum Spatial
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID12B) meters, using the GEOID12B grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-08-01T05:10:52
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor