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2003 Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium (PSLC) Topographic LiDAR: Snohomish County, Washington
 (MI_Metadata)
    fileIdentifier:  gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:50142
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      LanguageCode:  eng
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        organisationName:  OCM Partners
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            address:  (CI_Address)
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        organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
            phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                voice:  (843) 740-1202
            address:  (CI_Address)
                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
                country: (missing)
                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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    dateStamp:
      DateTime:  2022-08-09T17:11:39
    metadataStandardName:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data
    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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              authority:  (CI_Citation)
                  title:  NAD83(HARN)
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                      date:  2008-11-12
                      dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                  citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                      organisationName:  European Petroleum Survey Group
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              code:  urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4152
              version:  6.18.3
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      referenceSystemInfo:  (MD_ReferenceSystem)
          referenceSystemIdentifier:  (RS_Identifier)
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                  title:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
                  alternateTitle:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
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                              linkage: https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/VerticalCoordRefSystem/5703/?api_key=gml
                              name:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
                              description:  Link to Geographic Markup Language (GML) description of reference system.
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                      organisationName:  European Petroleum Survey Group
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                              linkage: https://www.epsg.org/
                              name:  European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry
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                    identifier:  urn:ogc:def:cs:EPSG::6499
                    name:  Vertical CS. Axis: height (H). Orientation: up. UoM: meter.
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                        descriptionReference:  urn:ogc:def:axis-name:EPSG::9904
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                        axisAbbrev:  H
                        axisDirection:  up
              code:  urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5703
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2003 Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium (PSLC) Topographic LiDAR: Snohomish County, Washington
            alternateTitle:  wa2003_pslc_snohomish_m1462_metadata
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2013-03
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                authority:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                    date: (inapplicable)
                code:
                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 50142
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                organisationName: (inapplicable)
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50142
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  Full Metadata Record
                        description:  View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.
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                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer
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                        name:   Citation URL
                        description:  Online Resource
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                        description:  Online Resource
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        abstract:  TerraPoint surveyed and created this data for the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium under contract. The area surveyed is approximately 167 square miles and covers a northwest portion of Snohomish County, WA. All data was collected during ideal conditions (leaf-off). The LAS files were derived from all returns ASCII files contain the X,Y,Z values of all the LiDAR returns collected during the survey mission. The GPS time, classification, scan angle, intensity and return numbers of each point were preserved in the conversion from ASCII to LAS. The LAS files are classified into the following ASPRS classes: (1) Unclassified (2) Bare Earth. Ground and water points are included in Class 2 (Bare Earth). Futher details are available in the Process Steps below. The NOAA Office for Coastal Management noticed that some intensity values are 0, so be aware before using the intensity information. This dataset was flown in 2003 with a 50% overlap between flight lines. Due to the overlap the nominal point spacing of the dataset is 1.0 meter. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  The LAS files can be used to create DEMs and also to extract topographic data in software that does not support raster data. Other surface features can also be extracted with custom applications. This high accuracy data can be used at scales up to 1:12000 (1 inch = 1,000 feet). LiDAR data has a wide range of uses such as earthquake hazard studies, hydrologic modeling, forestry, coastal engineering, roadway and pipeline engineering, flood plain mapping, wetland studies, geologic studies and a variety of analytical and cartographic projects.
        credit:  Please credit the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium (PSLC) for these data. The PSLC is supported by the Puget Sound Regional Council, the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous partners in local, state, and tribal government. The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Jul 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1462/supplemental/wa2003_pslc_snohomish_footprint.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic shows the lidar coverage for a section of Snohomish County in Washington.
            fileType:  kmz
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 2003 Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium (PSLC) Topographic LiDAR: Snohomish County, Washington [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50142.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. These data depict the heights at the time of the survey and are only accurate for that time. | Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of Terrapoint, PSLC, NASA, USGS, NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_SecurityConstraints)
            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
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                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  50142
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                    organisationName: (inapplicable)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/50142.pdf
                            protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -122.409833
                eastBoundLongitude:  -122.175578
                southBoundLatitude:  48.025012
                northBoundLatitude:  48.300496
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2003-04-02
                    endPosition:  2003-04-12
        supplementalInformation:  A footprint of this data set may be viewed in Google Earth at: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1462/supplemental/wa2003_pslc_snohomish_footprint.kmz
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    contentInfo:  (MD_FeatureCatalogueDescription)
        complianceCode:  false
        language:
          LanguageCode:  eng
        includedWithDataset:  false
        featureCatalogueCitation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  none
            date: (unavailable)
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1462
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1462/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Simple download of data files.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_QuantitativeAttributeAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Elevations are recorded in floating-point meters and the vertical datum is ellipsoidal (GEOID99). There are no other attribute tables.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Not applicable for pure elevation data: every XY error has an associated Z error.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Puget Sound Lidar Consortium evaluates vertical accuracy with two measures: internal consistency and conformance with independent ground control points. Internal Consistency: Data are split into swaths (separate flightlines), a separate surface is constructed for each flightline, and where surfaces overlap one is subtracted from another. Where both surfaces are planar, this produces a robust measure of the repeatability, or internal consistency, of the survey. The average error calculated by this means, robustly determined from a very large sample, should be a lower bound on the true error of the survey as it doesn't include errors deriving from a number of sources including: 1) inaccurately located base station(s), 2) long-period GPS error, 3) errors in classification of points as ground and not-ground (post-processing), 4) some errors related to interpolation from scattered points to a continous surface (surface generation). Conformance with independent ground control points: Bare-earth surface models are compared to independently-surveyed ground control points (GCPs) where such GCPs are available. The purpose of the ground control evaluation is to assess that the bare earth DEMs meet the vertical accuracy specification in the PSLC contract with TerraPoint: "The accuracy specification in the contract between the Puget Sound LiDAR Consortium and TerraPoint is based on a required Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 'Bare Earth' vertical accuracy of 30 cm for flat areas in the complete data set. This is the required result if all data points in flat areas were evaluated. Because only a small sample of points is evaluated, the required RMSE for the sample set is adjusted downward per the following equation from the FEMA LiDAR specification (adjusted from the 15 cm RMSE in the FEMA specification to 30 cm to accommodate the dense vegetation cover in the Pacific Northwest)." During this step, the bare earth DEMs were compared with existing survey benchmarks. The differences between the LiDAR bare earth DEMs and the survey points are calculated and the final results are first summarized in a graph that illustrates how the dataset behaves as whole. The graph illustrates how close the DEM elevation values were to the ground control points. The individual results were aggregated and used in the RMSE calculations. The results of the RMSE calculations are the measure that makes the data acceptable for this particular specification in the contract. ; Quantitative Value: 0.30 meters, Test that produced the value: Root mean square Z error in open, near-horizontal areas, as specified by contract. Units in meters. Our assessment suggests that all data meet this standard. Accuracy may be significantly less in steep areas and under heavy forest canopy. Accuracy appears to be significantly better for data acquired in early 2003 and afterward, to which in-situ calibration has been applied.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Elevation data has been collected for all areas inside project boundaries.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Puget Sound Lidar Consortium evaluates logical consistency of high-resolution lidar elevation data with three tests: examination of file names, file formats, and mean and extreme values within each file; internal consistency of measured Z values in areas where survey swaths overlap; and visual inspection of shaded-relief images calculated from bare-earth models. File names, formats, and values: All file naming convention and file formats are check for consistency. Internal Consistency Analysis: This analysis calculates and displays the internal consistency of tiled multi-swath (many-epoch) LiDAR data. The input for this analysis is the All-return ASCII data, but it only uses the first returns. The data is divided into swaths, or flightlines, and they are compared with each other. Since the contract specifications require 50% sidelaps, it means that all areas should have been flown twice. The results of this analysis is to verify that the data was generally flown to obtain the 50% sidelaps, that there are no gaps between flightlines and also that overlapping flightlines are consistent in elevation values. Visual inspection of shaded-relief images: During the visual inspection, hillshades are derived from the bare earth DEMs. The hillshades are examined for any obvious data errors such as blunders, border artifacts, gaps between data quads, no-data gaps between flight lines, hillscarps, land shifting due to GPS time errors, etc. The data is examined a scale range of 1:4000 to 1:6000. During this process we also compare the data to existing natural features such as lakes and rivers and also to existing infrastructure such as roads. Orthophotos area also used during this phase to confirm data errors. If any of these data errors are found, they are reported to TerraPoint for correction.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Acquisition. Lidar data were collected in leaf-off conditions (approximately 1 November - 1 April) from a fixed-wing aircraft flying at a nominal height of 1,000 meters above ground surface. Aircraft position was monitored by differential GPS, using a ground station tied into the local geodetic framework. Aircraft orientation was monitored by an inertial measurement unit. Scan angle and distance to target were measured with a scanning laser rangefinder. Scanning was via a rotating 12-facet pyramidal mirror; the laser was pulsed at 30+ KHz, and for most missions the laser was defocussed to illuminate a 0.9m-diameter spot on the ground. The rangefinder recorded up to 4 returns per pulse. Flying height and airspeed were chosen to result in on-ground pulse spacing of about 1.5 m in the along-swath and across-swath directions. Most areas were covered by two swaths, resulting in a nominal pulse density of about 1 per square meter.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Processing. GPS, IMU, and rangefinder data were processed to obtain XYZ coordinates of surveyed points. For data acquired after January 2003 (NW Snohomish, Mt Rainier, Darrington, and central Pierce projects), survey data from areas of swath overlap were analysed to obtain best-fit in-situ calibration parameters that minimize misfit between overlapping swaths. This reduces vertical inconsistency between overlapping swaths by about one-half. Heights were translated from ellipsoidal to orthometric (NAVD88) datums via GEOID99
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  ASCII file generation All Point returns with all their attributes were directly exported into ASCII files. These were first divided into USGS quarter quads (3.25 minute by 3.25 minute) and then in 25 tiles per quarter quad.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received topographic files in ASCII .TXT format. The files contained lidar elevation measurements. The data were received in Washington State Plane North Zone 4601, NAD83 coordinates and were vertically referenced to NAVD88 using the Geoid99 model. The vertical units of the data were feet. OCM performed the following processing for data storage and Digital Coast provisioning purposes: 1. The ASCII .TXT files were parsed and converted to LAS version 1.2 using LAStools' txt2las tool. 2. Bad elevations were filtered and removed from many tiles across the data set on a tile by tile basis using LASTools' las2las tool. 3. The topographic las files were converted from orthometric (NAVD88) heights to ellipsoidal heights using Geoid99. 4. The topographic las files were converted from a Projected Coordinate System (WA SP North) to a Geographic Coordinate system (NAD 83). 5. The topographic las files' vertical units were converted from feet to meters. 6. The topographic las files' horizontal units were converted from feet to decimal degrees.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-02-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-07-01T06:00:12
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor