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2006 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Topographic LiDAR: Connecticut Coastline Survey
 (MI_Metadata)
    fileIdentifier:  gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:49654
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      LanguageCode:  eng
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        organisationName:  OCM Partners
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            address:  (CI_Address)
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        organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
            phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                voice:  (843) 740-1202
            address:  (CI_Address)
                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
                country: (missing)
                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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    dateStamp:
      DateTime:  2022-08-09T17:11:37
    metadataStandardName:  ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data
    metadataStandardVersion:  ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
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              authority:  (CI_Citation)
                  title:  EPSG code 4152
                  date:  (CI_Date)
                      date:  2008-11-12
                      dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                  citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                      organisationName:  European Petroleum Survey Group
                      contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                      role: (missing)
              code:  urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:4152
              version:  6.18.3
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      referenceSystemInfo:  (MD_ReferenceSystem)
          referenceSystemIdentifier:  (RS_Identifier)
              authority:  (CI_Citation)
                  title:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
                  alternateTitle:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
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                              linkage: https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/VerticalCoordRefSystem/5703/?api_key=gml
                              name:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
                              description:  Link to Geographic Markup Language (GML) description of reference system.
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                      organisationName:  European Petroleum Survey Group
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                              linkage: https://www.epsg.org/
                              name:  European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry
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                        revisionDate:  2006-11-28
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                    identifier:  urn:ogc:def:cs:EPSG::6499
                    name:  Vertical CS. Axis: height (H). Orientation: up. UoM: meter.
                    remarks:  Used in vertical coordinate reference systems.
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                        descriptionReference:  urn:ogc:def:axis-name:EPSG::9904
                        identifier:  urn:ogc:def:axis:EPSG::114
                        axisAbbrev:  H
                        axisDirection:  up
              code:  urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5703
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2006 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Topographic LiDAR: Connecticut Coastline Survey
            alternateTitle:  ct2006_fema_coastal_m1468_metadata
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2013-04
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                authority:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                    date: (inapplicable)
                code:
                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 49654
            citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName: (inapplicable)
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49654
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  Full Metadata Record
                        description:  View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
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                        name:   Citation URL
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                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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                        description:  Online Resource
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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        abstract:  LIDAR data is remotely sensed high-resolution elevation data collected by an airborne collection platform. By positioning laser range finding with the use of 1 second GPS with 100hz inertial measurement unit corrections; Terrapoint's LIDAR instruments are able to make highly detailed geospatial elevation products of the ground, man-made structures and vegetation. The LiDAR flightlines for this project was planned for a 50% acquisition overlap. The nominal resolution of this project without overlap is 1.25m. Four returns were recorded for each pulse in addition to an intensity value. GPS Week Time, Intensity, Flightline and number attributes were provided for each LiDAR point. Data is provided as random points, in LAS v1.0 format, classified according to ASPRS Class Code 2=Ground 1=Undefined. Water is included in the bare earth ground model, except where the entire tile is covered by water. The following regions of Connecticut are included in this project: Fairfield County - 130 square kilometers New Haven - 170 square kilometers Middlesex - 29 square kilometers New London - 157 square kilometers Please note that the LiDAR intensity is not calibrated or normalized. The intensity value is meant to provide relative signal return strengths for features imaged by the sensor. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  The purpose of this LiDAR data was to produce high accuracy 3D elevation based geospatial products for coastal flood mapping.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency:  (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  ASPRS standards
            keyword:  OPTECH_3100EA
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 2006 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Topographic LiDAR: Connecticut Coastline Survey [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/49654.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. These data depict the heights at the time of the survey and are only accurate for that time. | Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of Dewberry & Davis LLC, Terrapoint USA, FEMA, NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_SecurityConstraints)
            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                date: (unknown)
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  49654
                citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName: (inapplicable)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/49654.pdf
                            protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
                            function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -73.659952
                eastBoundLongitude:  -71.829101
                southBoundLatitude:  40.979296
                northBoundLatitude:  41.540542
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2006-12-16
                    endPosition:  2006-12-18
        supplementalInformation:  A footprint of this data set may be viewed in Google Earth at: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1468/supplemental/ct2006_fema_coastal_footprint.KMZ A field survey report is available at: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1468/supplemental/ct2006_fema_coastal_fieldsurveyreport.pdf A QA/QC report is available at: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1468/supplemental/ct2006_fema_coastal_qaqcreport.pdf
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    contentInfo:  (MD_FeatureCatalogueDescription)
        complianceCode:  false
        language:
          LanguageCode:  eng
        includedWithDataset:  false
        featureCatalogueCitation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  None
            date: (unavailable)
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    distributionInfo:  (MD_Distribution)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1468
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/1468/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Simple download of data files.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_QuantitativeAttributeAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Raw elevation measurements have been tested to 0.23 feet vertical accuracy at 95 percent confidence level
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Compiled to meet 1 meter horizontal accuracy at the 95 percent confidence level
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Independent accuracy testing was performed by Dewberry & Davis using 80 high accuracy quality control checkpoints distributed throughout the project in four major land cover types (open terrain, weeds/crops, forest, urban). Dewberry used testing procedures consistent with those specified in the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) as well as LiDAR accuracy testing guidelines and specifications published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Digital Elevation (NDEP), and American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS). ; Quantitative Value: 0.10 meters, Test that produced the value: Value in meters. Connecticut LiDAR dataset tested 0.10m(.34ft) vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in open terrain, based on open terrain RMSEz (.17ft) x 1.9600; tested 0.13m (.43ft) vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level in all land cover categories combined, based on consolidated RMSEz (.22ft) x 1.9600.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  According to Terrapoint standards; the following aspects of the LiDAR data was verified during the course of the project processing: -Data completeness and integrity -Data accuracy and errors -Anomaly checks through full-feature hillshades -Post automated classification Bare-earth verification -RMSE inspection of final bare-earth model using kinematic GPS -Final quality control of deliverable products; ensuring integrity; graphical quality; conformance to Terrapoint standards are met for all delivered products.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  All LiDAR files delivered were verified and tested to ensure they open and are positioned properly.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  - General Overview The Airborne LiDAR survey was conducted using an OPTECH 3100EA flying at a nominal height of 1550 metres AGL with a total angular coverage of 40 degrees. Flight line spacing was nominally 564 metres providing overlap of 50% on adjacent flight lines. Lines were flown in east/west and north/south orientated blocks to best optimize flying time considering the layout for the project. - Aircraft A Piper Navajo, registration C-FQQB was used for the survey. This aircraft has a flight range of approximately 6.5 hours and was flown at an average altitude of 1550, thereby encountering flying altitudes of approximately 1550 metres above sea level (ASL). The aircraft was staged from the East Haven CT Airport, and ferried daily to the project site for flight operations. - GPS Receivers A combination of Sokkia GSR 2600 and NovAtel DL-4+ dual frequency GPS receivers were used to support the airborne operations of this survey and to establish the GPS control network. - Number of Flights and Flight Lines For both Connecticut and Rhode Island Coastline Sites; a total of 6 missions were flown for this project with flight times ranging approximately 31 hours under good meteorological and GPS conditions. 72 flight lines were flown over the Connecticut Coastline site to provide complete coverage.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2007-12-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  - Airborne GPS Kinematic Airborne GPS kinematic data was processed on-site using GrafNav kinematic On-The-Fly (OTF) software. Flights were flown with a minimum of 6 satellites in view (13o above the horizon) and with a PDOP of better than 4.5. Distances from base station to aircraft were kept to a maximum of 35 km, to ensure a strong OTF (On-The-Fly) solution. For all flights, the GPS data can be classified as excellent, with GPS residuals of 5cm average but no larger than 12 cm being recorded. - Calculation of 3D laser points (raw data) The post-processing software to derive X, Y, Z values from roll, pitch, yaw, and range is Optech's Realm. - Classification and Editing The data was processed using the software TerraScan, and following the methodology described herein. The initial step is the setup of the TerraScan project, which is done by importing client provided tile boundary index encompassing the entire project areas. The 3D laser point clouds, in binary format, were imported into the TerraScan project and divided in 1407 tiles, as per the contract specifications. tiled, the laser points were classified using a proprietary routine in TerraScan. This routine removes any obvious outliers from the dataset following which the ground layer is extracted from the point cloud. The ground extraction process encompassed in this routine takes place by building an iterative surface model. This surface model is generated using three main parameters: building size, iteration angle and iteration distance. The initial model is based on low points being selected by a "roaming window" with the assumption is that these are the ground points. The size of this roaming window is determined by the building size parameter. The low points are triangulated and the remaining points are evaluated and subsequently added to the model if they meet the iteration angle and distance constraints. This process is repeated until no additional points are added within an iteration. A second critical parameter is the maximum terrain angle constraint, which determines the maximum terrain angle allowed within the classification model. The data is then manually quality controlled with the use of hillshading, cross-sections and profiles. Any points found to be of class vegetation, building or error during the quality control process, are removed from the ground model and placed on the appropriate layer. An integrity check is also performed simultaneously to verify that ground features such as rock cuts, elevated roads and crests are present. Once data has been cleaned and complete, it is then reviewed by a supervisor via manual inspection and through the use of a hillshade mosaic of the entire project area. - Projection Transformation The data was processed in the native UTM zone in meters and then transformed to the Connecticut State Plane final projection system and US survey feet using an in-house transformation software which uses the Coorpscon DLL.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2007-01-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received the topographic files in LAZ V1.0 format. The files contained lidar elevation measurements. The data were received in Connecticut State Plane coordinates, NAD83 (Zone 0600) and were vertically referenced to NAVD88 using the Geoid03 model. The vertical units of the data were feet. OCM performed the following processing for data storage and Digital Coast provisioning purposes: 1. The topographic las files were converted from a Projected Coordinate System (Connecticut SP 0600) to a Geographic Coordinate system (NAD83). 2. The topographic las files' horizontal units were converted from US survey feet to decimal degrees. 3. The topographic las files were converted from orthometric (NAVD88) heights to ellipsoidal heights using Geoid03. 4. The topographic las files' vertical units were converted from survey feet to meters.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2013-04-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-07-01T06:01:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor