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April 2005 Lidar Point Data of Southern California Coastline: Long Beach to US/Mexican Border
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                voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                city:  Charleston
                administrativeArea:  SC
                postalCode:  29405-2413
                country: (missing)
                electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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      DateTime:  2022-08-09T17:11:37
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                  title:  North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  April 2005 Lidar Point Data of Southern California Coastline: Long Beach to US/Mexican Border
            alternateTitle:  scripps_20050404_m52_metadata
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2005-07-28
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
            identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                authority:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                    date: (inapplicable)
                code:
                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 50008
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                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50008
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                        description:  View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset.
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
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                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer
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                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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            otherCitationDetails:  quad names (from north to south): Long Beach, Los Alamitos, Long Beach OE S, Seal Beach, Newport Beach, Newport Beach OE S, Laguna Beach, San Juan Capistrano, Dana Point, San Clemente, San Onofre Bluff, Las Pulgas Canyon, Oceanside, San Luis Rey, Encinitas, Del Mar OE W, Del Mar, La Jolla OE W, La Jolla, Point Loma OE W, Point Loma, Imperial Beach OE W
        abstract:  This data set contains lidar point data (latitude/longitude) from a strip of Southern California coastline (including water, beach, cliffs, and top of cliffs) from Long Beach to the US/Mexico border. The data set was created by combining data collected using an Optech Inc. Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (ALTM) 1225 in combination with geodetic quality Global Positioning System (GPS) airborne and ground-based receivers. The Bureau of Economic Geology, the University of Texas at Austin owns and operates an ALTM 1225 system (serial number 99d118). The system was installed in a twin engine Partenavia P-68 Observer (tail number N6602L) owned and operated by Aspen Helicopter, Inc. The lidar data set described by this document was collected on 4 and 8 April 2005; Julian Days 09405 and 09805 (see Lineage, Source_Information, Source_Contribution for pass information). 99d118 instrument settings for these flights were; laser pulse rate: 25kHz, scanner rate: 26Hz, scan angle: +/- 20deg, beam divergence: narrow, altitude: 900-1100m AGL, and ground speed: 100-125kts. Three GPS base stations (Seal Beach, Dana Point, and Point Loma, see Lineage, Source_Information, Source_Contribution for coordinates) operated during the survey. Data represented is all points including terrain, vegetation, and structures. This data also contains returns from the water surface. No processing has been done to remove returns from terrain, vegetation, structures or water surfaces. Original contact information: Contact Name: Julie Thomas/Randy Bucciarelli Contact Org: SCBPS/CDIP, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Title: Project Managers Phone: 858-534-3032 This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  The data described in this document will be compared with previous and forthcoming data sets to determine rates of shoreline change along the Southern California coastline. The SCBPS program is designed to improve the understanding of beach sand transport by waves and currents, thus improving local and regional coastal management.
        credit:  SCBPS/CDIP is jointly funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the California Department of Boating and Waterways. The initial data are collected by Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas at Austin: R. Gutierrez and T. Hepner. Center for Space Research, The University of Texas at Austin: A. Neuenschwander. Data are further classified and processed by the SCBPS group, located at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Aug 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
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        pointOfContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
            contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                    function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
        resourceMaintenance:  (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
            maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (missing)
            maintenanceNote:  None planned, as needed
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Latitude
            keyword:  Longitude
            keyword:  beach
            keyword:  intensity
            keyword:  point file
            keyword:  shoreline
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  2005
            keyword:  April
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) temporal
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
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                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: April 2005 Lidar Point Data of Southern California Coastline: Long Beach to US/Mexican Border [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/50008.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
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            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: none | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: This data was collected in partnership with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, The University of California, San Diego. Any conclusions drawn from analysis of this information are not the responsibility of the Bureau of Economic Geology or the University of Texas at Austin, NOAA, the OCM or its partners.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_SecurityConstraints)
            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
            handlingDescription: (missing)
        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
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                title:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                date: (unknown)
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                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  50008
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                    organisationName: (inapplicable)
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/50008.pdf
                            protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
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                    role: (inapplicable)
            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -118.205345
                eastBoundLongitude:  -117.128845
                southBoundLatitude:  32.562486
                northBoundLatitude:  33.768786
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2005-04-04
                    endPosition:  2005-04-08
        supplementalInformation:  The ALTM 1225 (SN#99d118) lidar instrument has the following specifications: operating altitude = 410-2,000 m AGL; maximum laser pulse rate = 25 kHz; laser scan angle = variable from 0 to +/-20 deg from nadir; scanning frequency = variable, 28 Hz at the 20 deg scan angle; and beam divergence: narrow = 0.2 milliradian (half angle, 1/e). The ALTM 1225 does not digitize and record the waveform of the laser reflection, but records the range and backscatter intensity of the first and last laser reflection using a constant-fraction discriminator and two Timing Interval Meters (TIM). ALTM elevation points are computed using three sets of data: laser ranges and their associated scan angles, platform position and orientation information, and calibration data and mounting parameters (Wehr and Lohr, 1999). Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in the aircraft and on the ground provide platform positioning. The GPS receivers record pseudo-range and phase information for post-processing. Platform orientation information comes from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) containing three orthogonal accelerometers and gyroscopes. An aided-Inertial Navigation System (INS) solution for the aircraft's attitude is estimated from the IMU output and the GPS information. Wehr, A. and U. Lohr, 1999, Airborne laser scanning - an introduction and overview, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 54, no.2-3, pp.68-82.
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        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                role:  (CI_RoleCode) distributor
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=52
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/52/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Simple download of data files.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Selected portions from each lidar data set (last return only) were used to generate a 1m x 1m digital elevation model (DEM). Data estimated to have a horizontal accuracy of 0.01-0.03m from ground surveys using kinematic GPS techniques were superimposed on the lidar DEM and examined for any mismatch between the horizontal position of the ground GPS and the corresponding feature on the lidar DEM. Horizontal agreement between the ground kinematic GPS and the lidar was within the resolution of the 1m x 1m DEM.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  The April 2005 lidar data were compared to the 1998 ATM LIDAR data to determine offsets in the vertical position. The ATM survey points are estimated to have a vertical accuracy of +/- 15 cm. The April 2005 lidar data set was sorted to find data points that fell within 0.5 m of an ATM LIDAR survey point along piers in the survey area. The mean elevation difference between the April 2005 survey and the ATM survey was used to estimate and remove an elevation bias from the lidar. The standard deviation of these elevation differences provides estimates of the lidar precision. The bias was removed so that mean lidar elevations have a vertical accuracy of 0.10 m.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Data were edited by an automated method to remove obvious outliers above a threshold of 150m.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Not Applicable
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement: (missing)
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  GPS and XYZ-Point Data Processing The National Geodetic Survey's PAGES-NT software was used to compute double differenced, ionospherically corrected, static GPS solutions for each GPS base station with precise ephemeredes from the International GPS Service (IGS). As part of the solution tropospheric zenith delays were estimated and L1 and L2 phase biases were fixed as integers. Aircraft trajectories were estimated with respect to all base stations using National Geodetic Survey's Kinematic and Rapid-Static Software (KARS) software. Trajectories were double-differenced, ionospherically corrected, bias-fixed GPS solutions computed with precise IGS ephemeredes. Coordinates for base stations and trajectories were in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ITRF00). The aircraft trajectory were transformed from the ITRF00 to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) using the Horizontal Time Dependent Positioning (HDTP) software (Snay, 1999) The 1Hz GPS trajectory and 50Hz aircraft inertial measurement unit (IMU) data were combined in Applanix's POSProc version 2.1.4 to compute an aided inertial navigation solution (INS) and a 50Hz, smoothed best estimate of trajectory (SBET) for day 09405. On the second day of data collection (09805), due to an equipment problem, the IMU data was recorded with random data gaps onto the ALTM1225 hard drive. Because of these data gaps, the post-processed INS and SBET for 09805 was judged not acceptable. The 1Hz aircraft trajectory computed with KARS and the real-time, aided INS solution from POS-AV provided better results. The SBET (09405) and KARS trajectory (09805), laser range observations, scanner position information, and GPS/internal clock files were processed in Realm 2.27 software suite to generate lidar data points in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection. Lidar point data were compared to GPS ground survey data and 1998 ATM lidar data to estimate lidar instrument calibration parameters: roll and pitch biases, scanner scale factor, and first/last return elevation biases. An iterative, least-squares methodology was used to estimate calibration parameters so as to minimize differences between lidar and ground GPS data. Samples of lidar data were used to create high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM); these DEM were inspected for horizontal or vertical anomalies. After system calibration and initial quality control step, the adjusted lidar x,y,z-point data were generated by REALM software and output in UTM, zone 11 with elevations being heights above the GRS-80 reference ellipsoid (HAE). The output format from REALM 2.27 was a 9-column ASCII file containing: the second in the GPS week, easting, northing and HAE of the first lidar return, the easting, northing and HAE of the last lidar return, and the laser backscatter intensity of the first and last returns. Each record contains 9 columns of data: time tag (seconds in the GPS week), first return Easting, first return Northing, first return NAVD88, last return Easting, last return Northing, last return NAVD88, first return intensity, and last return intensity. In some cases either the first or last return values may be missing (5 columns).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2005-04-04T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data Classification Processing The classification of the lidar point data was accomplished with algorithms developed at the Center for Space Research and implemented by C++ code running on PC computer using the LINUX operating system. The ASCII lidar files were converted into binary and concatenated into a processing database. Data were separated into ground and non-ground points using a lower envelope follower (LEF). A lower envelope detector is an electronic circuit used to recover information in an Amplitude Modulated (AM) signal and the concept was adapted to the problem of extracting the ground surface from the lidar signal by creating a computer analog: the lower envelope follower (LEF) The LEF was used to detect ground points, or seeds, which include pixels located on open ground or on the ground surface beneath vegetation penetrated by the laser, but excludes buildings and vegetation. The LEF operation does not detect some ground surface areas with low gradients, so detected ground pixels are augmented using an adaptive gradient flood fill procedure. The adaptive threshold value is determined as a function of surface roughness and topographic relief. The adaptive gradient flood fill procedure results in a ground mask which is used to parse individual lidar points into ground or non-ground files. In some instances, hand editing is required to ensure accuracy of the ground mask. This includes the addition of seed points along topographic ridges or removal of buildings not detected during previous steps. The 9-column binary dataset was pushed through the ground mask and each lidar point is classified as either ground or non-ground depending on its elevation with respect to a threshold above or below the estimated ground surface. Buildings are included as non-ground points. The final ground-only data points were parsed converted back into ASCII format. Using the GEOID99 geoid model, heights above the GRS80 ellipsoid were converted to orthometric heights with respect to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). The final step was parsing the data into quarter quadrangles. Processing occurred 20050404-20050728.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2005-04-04T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Created initial metadata
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2003-04-18T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received files in ASCII format. The files contained LiDAR intensity and elevation measurements. OCM performed the following processing on the data to make it available within the LiDAR Data Retrieval Tool (LDART) 1. Data returned to ellipsoid heights from NAVD88, using GEOID99. 2. Data converted to LAS format. 3. The LAS data were sorted by latitude and the headers were updated.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2007-07-24T00:00:00
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: air and ground GPS files base station coordinates Easting, Northing, HAE in NAD83, Zone 11 (Latitude, Longitude): Seal Beach (SEAL) = 399189.009, 3733584.462, -27.9778 (N 33 44 15.0510, W 118 5 17.8191) Dana Point (DANA) = 434087.529, 3702982.315, 52.1756 (N 33 27 51.3542, W 117 42 33.5246) Point Loma (LOMA) = 477398.387, 3614791.668, 90.1348 (N 32 40 14.01098, W 117 14 27.79485) | Type of Source Media: digital file
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Air and Ground GPS files from 27204, 27304, and 27404
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2005-05-08
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  2005-04-04
                            endPosition:  2005-04-08
            source:  (LI_Source)
                description:  Source Contribution: raw lidar data from ALTM 1225 (all times UTC) 09405 Pass A (Oceanside to Dana Point) = 19:19-19:36 Pass B (Dana Point to Mexico) = 19:39-20:17 Pass C (Point Loma to Mexico) = 20:28-20:34 Pass D (Mexico to Dana Point) = 20:36-21:00 and 21:12-21:35 Pass E (Oceanside to La Jolla) = 21:45-21:59 Pass F (La Jolla to Oceanside) = 22:02 to 22:14 Calibration Passes = 21:02-21:11 09805 Pass G (Oceanside to Long Beach) = 21:37-22:20 Pass H (Long Beach to Dana Point) = 22:23-22:41 Pass I (Dana Point to Long Beach) = 22:45-23:06 Pass J (Long Beach to Dana Point) = 23:12-23:29 Calibration Passes = 23:34-23:47 | Type of Source Media: digital file
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Raw lidar data output from ALTM 1225
                    date:  (CI_Date)
                        date:  2005-04-08
                        dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                sourceExtent:  (EX_Extent)
                    temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                        extent:
                          TimePeriod:
                            beginPosition:  2005-04-04
                            endPosition:  2005-04-08
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-08-01T05:59:29
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor