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2019 NOAA Topobathy Lidar: Morro Bay, CA
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      DateTime:  2023-05-30T18:10:31
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    identificationInfo:  (MD_DataIdentification)
        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2019 NOAA Topobathy Lidar: Morro Bay, CA
            alternateTitle:  2019_NOAA_MorroBay_LIdar
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2019-10-01
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                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 57916
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                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/57916
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                        linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/8892/supplemental/NOAA_Morro_Bay_Topobathymetric_LiDAR_Sonar_Integration_Report_V2.pdf
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                        name:  Project Report
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
                role: (inapplicable)
            presentationForm: (unknown)
        abstract:  These data represent integrated lidar and sonar topobathymetric point cloud data. Quantum Spatial, Inc. (QSI) collected the topobathymetric lidar using a Riegl VQ880GII system on May 22, 2019. Merkel and Associates collected sonar data to provide bathymetric surface modeling in areas lacking lidar coverage. The sonar was collected between June 17th-19th, 2019 using a SEA SWATHplus-H sonar system. QSI performed the lidar/sonar integration. The dataset includes topobathy data in a LAS 1.4 format file with the following classification:1-Unclassified, 1-O (Overlap bit) - Edge clip (geometrically unreliable points at the edge of flightline swaths), 2-Ground, 7-Noise, 9-NIR water surface, 20-Ignored ground and sonar (excluded for seamless model creation), 40-Bathymetric point, 41-Green laser water surface,and 45- Green laser water column in accordance with project specifications. Sonar data has been assigned a Point Source ID of 9 and a User Byte of 2. All other data is lidar-derived. The NOAA Morro Bay area of covers approximately 4,215 acres over Morro Bay, including the Morro Bay Estuary and roughly 3.6 miles of coastline. LAS files were compiled by 500 m x 500 m tiles. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  Data was collected to aid NOAA in assessing the channel morphology and topobathymetric surface of the study area to support the Morro Bay National Estuary Program in habitat restoration and management.
        credit:  We request that you credit the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) when you use these data in a report, publication, or presentation., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Coastal Management The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Aug 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
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            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
                address:  (CI_Address)
                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                    linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                    protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                    name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                    description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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            role:  (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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        graphicOverview:  (MD_BrowseGraphic)
            fileName: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/8892/supplemental/Morro_Bay_Footprint_m8892.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic displays the footprint for this lidar data set.
            fileType:  KML
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > BATHYMETRY > COASTAL BATHYMETRY
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > SEA FLOOR
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
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                date: (missing)
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            keyword:  Airplane > Airplane
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                date: (missing)
                edition:  14.9
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Sonar
            keyword:  beach
            keyword:  erosion
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  DOC/NOAA/NOS/OCM > Office of Coastal Management, National Ocean Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) dataCentre
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
                date:  (CI_Date)
                    date:  2017-04-24
                    dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
                edition:  8.5
                citedResponsibleParty:  GCMD Landing Page
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
            thesaurusName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  InPort
                date: (inapplicable)
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Cite As: Office for Coastal Management, [Date of Access]: 2019 NOAA Topobathy Lidar: Morro Bay, CA [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/57916.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_LegalConstraints)
            accessConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            useConstraints:  (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions
            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners
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            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
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        aggregationInfo:  (MD_AggregateInformation)
            aggregateDataSetName:  (CI_Citation)
                title:  2019 NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM (Interpolated): Morro Bay, CA
                date: (unknown)
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
                    authority:  (CI_Citation)
                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
                        date: (inapplicable)
                    code:  57930
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                title:  2019 NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM (Voids): Morro Bay, CA
                date: (unknown)
                identifier:  (MD_Identifier)
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                        title:  NOAA/NMFS/EDM
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                    code:  57923
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                    code:  57916
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                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
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                            linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocm/dmp/pdf/57916.pdf
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                            name:  NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)
                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
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            associationType:  (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
        environmentDescription:  OS Independent
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -120.875211
                eastBoundLongitude:  -120.821145
                southBoundLatitude:  35.304796
                northBoundLatitude:  35.373531
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
                extent:
                  TimePeriod:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2019-05-22
                    endPosition:  2019-06-19
        supplementalInformation:  The data includes all lidar and sonar returns. An automated grounding classification algorithm was used to determine bare earth and submerged topography point classification. The automated grounding was followed with manual editing. The full workflow used for this project is documented in the NOAA Morro Bay final report.
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            name:  Zip
            version: (missing)
            fileDecompressionTechnique:  Zip
        distributionFormat:  (MD_Format)
            name:  LAZ
            version: (missing)
        distributor:  (MD_Distributor)
            distributorContact:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                    phone:  (CI_Telephone)
                        voice:  (843) 740-1202
                    address:  (CI_Address)
                        deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
                        electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov
                        protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                        name:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website
                        description:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page
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            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=8892
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Customized Download
                description:  Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
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                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/8892/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Not Tested
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Absolute accuracy was assessed using the Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) checks. Survey checkpoints were evenly distributed throughout the project area as feasible. NVA compares known ground check point data that were withheld from the calibration and post-processing of the LiDAR point cloud to the triangulated surface generated by the unclassified LiDAR point cloud as well as the derived gridded bare earth DEM. NVA is a measure of the accuracy of LiDAR point data in open areas with level slope (less than 20 degrees) where the LiDAR system has a high probability of measuring the ground surface and is evaluated at the 95% confidence interval (1.96*RMSE). In the Morro Bay area 20 survey checkpoints were used to assess the non-vegetated vertical accuracy. Project specifications require NVA meet 0.196 m accuracy at the 95% confidence interval. Specifications for this project also require that bathymetric accuracy meet the standard laid out in the National Coastal Mapping Strategy (NCMS) V1.0 for QL2b Bathy Lidar which was estimated to be 30cm at a 95% confidence level. In the Morro Bay area 81 survey checkpoints were used to assess the submerged topography accuracy. Submerged topography checkpoints usually occur in depths up to 1m. Qualitative value:0.035 0.052 0.101, Test that produced the value: Using NSSDA and FEMA methodology, the point cloud non-vegetated vertical accuracy (NVA) at the 95% confidence level (called Accuracyz) was computed by the formula RMSEz x 1.9600. Morro Bay dataset tested 0.035 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the unclassified Lidar point cloud in open terrain using 20 ground check points, based on RMSEz (0.018 m) x 1.9600. Using NSSDA and FEMA methodology, bathymetric vertical accuracy at the 95% confidence level for submerged topography was computed by the formula RMSEz x 1.9600. Morro Bay dataset tested 0.101 m vertical accuracy at 95% confidence level against the classified points cloud using 81 submerged check points, based on RMSEz (0.052 m) x 1.9600.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Morro Bay data covers 97 tiles (500 m x 500 m tiles).
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Not applicable
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  Topobathy lidar and side scan sonar data were collected within the study area. These data were processed to produce a seamless data set.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Data for the NOAA Morro Bay project was acquired by Quantum Spatial (QSI) using a Riegl VQ-880GII Topobathy LiDAR system. Sonar data was collected by Merkel and Associates using a SEA SWATHplus-H sonar system. QSI reviewed all acquired flight lines to ensure complete coverage and positional accuracy of the laser points. QSI creates an initial product call Quick Look Coverage Maps. These Quick Looks files are not fully processed data or final products. The collected LiDAR data is immediately processed in the field by QSI to a level that will allow QA\QC measures to determine if the sensor is functioning properly and assess the coverage of submerged topography. An initial SBET was created in POSPAC MMS 8.1 and used in RiProcess which applies pre-calibrated angular misalignment corrections of scanner position to extract the raw point cloud into geo-referenced LAS files. These files were inspected for sensor malfunctions and then passed through automated classification routines (TerraScan) to develop a rough topobathymetric ground model for an initial assessment of bathymetric coverage. To correct the continuous onboard measurements of the aircraft position recorded throughout the missions, QSI concurrently conducted multiple static Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground surveys (1 Hz recording frequency) over established monuments located in or around the project area. After the airborne survey, the static GPS data were triangulated with nearby Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) using the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) for precise positioning. Multiple independent sessions over the same monument were processed to confirm antenna height measurements and to refine position accuracy. QSI then resolved kinematic corrections for aircraft position data using kinematic aircraft GPS and static ground GPS data. A final smoothed best estimate trajectory (SBET) was developed that blends post-processed aircraft position with attitude data. Sensor head position and attitude are calculated throughout the survey. The SBET data are used extensively for laser point processing. The software Trimble Business Center v.3.90, Blue Marble Geographic Calculator 2017, and PosPac MMS 8.1 SP3 are used for these processes.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Next, QSI used RiProcess 1.8.5 to calculate laser point positioning of the Riegl VQ-880GII data by associating SBET positions to each laser point return time, scan angle, intensity, etc. A raw laser point cloud is created in Riegl data format and erroneous points are filtered. Data was exported to LAS 1.4 format and are combined into 500 m x 500 m tiles. Data was then further calibrated using TerraScan, TerraModeler, and TerraMatch and a refraction correction was applied to all sub-water surface returns using QSI proprietary LAS Monkey software. QSI used custom algorithms in TerraScan to create the initial ground/submerged topography surface. Relative accuracy of the green swaths was compared to overlapping and adjacent swaths and verified through the use Delta-Z (DZ) orthos created using QSI's DZ Ortho creator. Absolute vertical accuracy of the calibrated data was assessed using ground RTK survey data and complete coverage was again verified.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  QSI then performed manual editing to review all classification and improve the final topobathymetric surface. A final bathymetric void shape was created after final editing and provided to Merkel and Associates to target for sonar data collection. The acquired sonar was then integrated into the LiDAR dataset to provide a seamless bathymetric model. As a general rule, in areas of overlap sonar data was prioritized in deeper areas of the channel while LiDAR data was prioritized in shallower areas of the channel including all areas not submerged during the LiDAR collection. As the lidar laser approaches the laser’s extinction point bathymetric surface profiles and point density degrade thus the prioritization of sonar data in these areas. Conversely side-scan sonar does better when water depths are greater than 1m as areas shallower than this are prone to increased noise making the lidar data more reliable in these areas. Within the Morro Bay site there was one notable area of significant temporal change. The sand spit at the mouth of the bay displayed a difference as great as 5 meters from the lidar survey. Despite this area being collected at true ground during the lidar survey, the sonar data was used in this area being the most temporally recent data and collected at high tide with high confidence in the surface. All data from either sensor that was not used in model creation is still preserved in the point cloud as Ignored Ground/Bathymetry (class 20). Please see Appendix B of the NOAA Morro Bay Report for more information regarding the sonar acquisition and processing. QSI's LasMonkey was used to update LAS header information, including all projection and coordinate reference system information. The final LiDAR data are in LAS format 1.4 and point data record format 6.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) received 97 LAS files from Quantum Spatial. The files contained lidar elevation and intensity measurements. The data were in UTM Zone 10 coordinates and ellipsoid elevations in meters. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. Converted from UTM Zone 10 to geographic coordinates 2. Sorted by gps time 3. Compressed the data using laszip
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LI_Source)
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Processed Topobathy
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Quantum Spatial (QSI)
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            source:  (LI_Source)
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Raw Lidar
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Quantum Spatial (QSI)
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            source:  (LI_Source)
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Sonar Data
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  Merkel and Associates
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-08-01T06:53:13
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor