| 2017 FEMA Lidar: Branch and Calhoun Counties, MI | spatialRepresentationInfo|
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| (MI_Metadata) fileIdentifier: gov.noaa.nmfs.inport:60108 language: LanguageCode: eng characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) UTF8 hierarchyLevel: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset hierarchyLevelName: Elevation contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: OCM Partners contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (missing) address: (CI_Address) role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA Office for Coastal Management contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (843) 740-1202 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 2234 South Hobson Ave city: Charleston administrativeArea: SC postalCode: 29405-2413 country: (missing) electronicMailAddress: coastal.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website description: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact dateStamp: DateTime: 2023-05-30T18:10:32 metadataStandardName: ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata Part 2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data metadataStandardVersion: ISO 19115-2:2009(E) return to top spatialRepresentationInfo: (MD_VectorSpatialRepresentation) topologyLevel: (MD_TopologyLevelCode) geometricObjects: (MD_GeometricObjects) geometricObjectType: (MD_GeometricObjectTypeCode) point geometricObjectCount: 2506016134 return to top referenceSystemInfo: (MD_ReferenceSystem) referenceSystemIdentifier: (RS_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: NAD83(2011) date: (CI_Date) date: 2008-11-12 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: European Petroleum Survey Group contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/CoordRefSystem/6318/export/?format=gml role: (missing) code: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6318 version: 6.18.3 return to top referenceSystemInfo: (MD_ReferenceSystem) referenceSystemIdentifier: (RS_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters alternateTitle: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (withheld) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://apps.epsg.org/api/v1/VerticalCoordRefSystem/5703/?api_key=gml name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters description: Link to Geographic Markup Language (GML) description of reference system. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) resourceProvider citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: European Petroleum Survey Group contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.epsg.org/ name: European Petroleum Survey Group Geodetic Parameter Registry description: Registry that accesses the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, which is a structured dataset of Coordinate Reference Systems and Coordinate Transformations. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) search role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher VerticalCS: metaDataProperty: CommonMetaData: type: vertical informationSource: OGP revisionDate: 2006-11-28 isDeprecated: false identifier: urn:ogc:def:cs:EPSG::6499 name: Vertical CS. Axis: height (H). Orientation: up. UoM: meter. remarks: Used in vertical coordinate reference systems. axis: CoordinateSystemAxis: descriptionReference: urn:ogc:def:axis-name:EPSG::9904 identifier: urn:ogc:def:axis:EPSG::114 axisAbbrev: H axisDirection: up code: urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::5703 return to top identificationInfo: (MD_DataIdentification) citation: (CI_Citation) title: 2017 FEMA Lidar: Branch and Calhoun Counties, MI alternateTitle: mi2017_branch_calhoun_m9120_metadata date: (CI_Date) date: 2017 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) creation date: (CI_Date) date: 2017-09-01 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication identifier: (MD_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: NOAA/NMFS/EDM date: (inapplicable) code: Anchor: InPort Catalog ID 60108 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/60108 protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Full Metadata Record description: View the complete metadata record on InPort for more information about this dataset. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (inapplicable) citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9120/breaklines/ protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Breaklines description: Link to the data set breaklines. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download role: (inapplicable) citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9120/supplemental/Calhoun_MI_Narrative.pdf protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Data set report description: Link to the data set report. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download role: (inapplicable) citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9120/supplemental/Branch_MI_Narrative.pdf protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Data set report description: Linnk to the data set report. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download role: (inapplicable) citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/ protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV) description: The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download role: (inapplicable) presentationForm: (unknown) abstract: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) required high accuracy classified LiDAR data in combination with raster digital elevation models and hydrographic breaklines. For this effort, Continental Mapping Consultants (Continental) collected and processed high accuracy classified LiDAR data in .LAS format as well as a combination of raster digital elevation models. Branch County: Acquired and processed 535 square miles of USGS defined Quality Level 2 LiDAR, collection of hydro-breaklines, and creation of Hydro-Flattened Digital Elevation Models. Calhoun County: Acquired and processed 745 square miles of USGS defined Quality Level 2 LiDAR, collection of hydro-breaklines, and creation of Hydro-Flattened Digital Elevation Models. The Calhoun County project area contains Palustrine wetlands and poorly drained hydric soils that retain water after snow melt and/or spring rains. Most soil types, according to the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) for Calhoun County, have available water storage between 15-37 cm. Low confidence areas have been designated where it was apparent that the ground conditions were saturated and produced minimal returns. The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded this data set from these USGS sites: ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/USGS_LPC_MI_BranchCo_2017_LAS_2019 ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/USGS_LPC_MI_CalhounCo_2017_LAS_2019 These files were processed to the Data Access Viewer (DAV) and https. The total number of files downloaded and processed was 1533. The breaklines were also downloaded and are available for download at the link provided in the URL section of this metadata record. Please note that this product has not been reviewed by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) and any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA or OCM. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data. purpose: The Strategic Alliance For Risk Reduction (STARR II) has been tasked to provide the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with topographic data for Branch and Calhoun counties, Michigan. For this effort, Continental Mapping Consultants (Continental) collected, processed, and classified high accuracy LiDAR data. credit: Data credit goes to Continental Mapping Consultants who was contracted by the Strategic Alliance For Risk Reduction (STARR II). The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Jul 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer. status: (MD_ProgressCode) completed pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA Office for Coastal Management contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (843) 740-1202 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 2234 South Hobson Ave city: Charleston administrativeArea: SC postalCode: 29405-2413 country: (missing) electronicMailAddress: coastal.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website description: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact pointOfContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA Office for Coastal Management contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (843) 740-1202 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 2234 South Hobson Ave city: Charleston administrativeArea: SC postalCode: 29405-2413 country: (missing) electronicMailAddress: coastal.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website description: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian resourceMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation) maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) unknown graphicOverview: (MD_BrowseGraphic) fileName: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9120/supplemental/mi2017_branch_calhoun_m9120.kmz fileDescription: This graphic displays the footprint for this lidar data set. fileType: KML descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords date: (missing) edition: 12.3 descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA keyword: CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > MICHIGAN keyword: VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords date: (missing) edition: 12.3 descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords date: (missing) edition: 14.9 descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Airplane > Airplane type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords date: (missing) edition: 14.9 descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: ERDAS Imagine keyword: FEMA keyword: Federal Emergency Management Agency keyword: Ground Control keyword: IMG keyword: Land Surface keyword: Point Cloud keyword: Tile Index keyword: erosion type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Continent > North America > United States Of America > Michigan > Branch County keyword: Continent > North America > United States Of America > Michigan > Calhoun County type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place descriptiveKeywords: (MD_Keywords) keyword: Lidar - partner (no harvest) type: (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project thesaurusName: (CI_Citation) title: InPort date: (inapplicable) resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 2017 FEMA Lidar: Branch and Calhoun Counties, MI [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/60108. resourceConstraints: (MD_Constraints) useLimitation: NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose. resourceConstraints: (MD_LegalConstraints) accessConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions useConstraints: (MD_RestrictionCode) otherRestrictions otherConstraints: Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: All rights to produced data belong to FEMA. Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of Continential Mapping Consultants, FEMA, USGS, NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners. resourceConstraints: (MD_SecurityConstraints) classification: (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified classificationSystem: (missing) handlingDescription: (missing) aggregationInfo: (MD_AggregateInformation) aggregateDataSetName: (CI_Citation) title: NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) date: (unknown) identifier: (MD_Identifier) authority: (CI_Citation) title: NOAA/NMFS/EDM date: (inapplicable) code: 60108 citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: (inapplicable) contactInfo: (CI_Contact) onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocmp/dmp/pdf/60108.pdf protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP) description: NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (inapplicable) associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference spatialRepresentationType: (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector language: eng; US topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation environmentDescription: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2; Microstation CONNECT Edition Update 2 (version 10.02.00.39); TerraScan (version 017.021) extent: (EX_Extent) geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox) westBoundLongitude: -85.304447 eastBoundLongitude: -84.704715 southBoundLatitude: 41.75722 northBoundLatitude: 42.425738 temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimePeriod: description: Branch County | Currentness: Ground Condition beginPosition: 2017-03-22 endPosition: 2017-04-24 temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimePeriod: description: Calhoun County | Currentness: Ground Condition beginPosition: 2017-04-18 endPosition: 2017-04-23 supplementalInformation: FEMA Contract No. HSFE05-16-J-0207 CONTRACTOR: STARR II SUBCONTRACTOR: Continental Mapping Consultants The following are the USGS lidar fields in JSON: { "ldrinfo" : { "ldrspec" : "USGS-NGP Base Lidar Specification v1.2", "ldrsens" : "Optech Gemini", "ldrmaxnr" : "N/A", "ldrnps" : "0.7071", "ldrdens" : "2", "ldranps" : "0.7071", "ldradens" : "2", "ldrfltht" : "1402", "ldrfltsp" : "125", "ldrscana" : "16", "ldrscanr" : "43.6", "ldrpulsr" : "70", "ldrpulsd" : "N/A", "ldrpulsw" : "0.46", "ldrwavel" : "N/A", "ldrmpia" : "1", "ldrbmdiv" : "N/A", "ldrswatw" : "802", "ldrswato" : "50", "ldrgeoid" : "National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid12B" }, "ldraccur" : { "ldrchacc" : "0.1", "rawnva" : "0.065", "rawnvan" : "37", "clsnva" : "0.065", "clsnvan" : "37", "clsvva" : "0.104", "clsvvan" : "28" }, "lasinfo" : { "lasver" : "1.4", "lasprf" : "6", "laswheld" : "Withheld (ignore) points were identified in these files using the standard LAS Withheld bit", "lasolap" : "Swath "overage" points were identified in these files using the standard LAS overlap bit.", "lasintr" : "16-bit", "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "1", "clasitem" : "Undetermined/Unclassified" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "2", "clasitem" : "Bare earth" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "7", "clasitem" : "Low noise" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "9", "clasitem" : "Water" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "10", "clasitem" : "Ignored ground" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "17", "clasitem" : "Bridges" }, "lasclass" : { "clascode" : "18", "clasitem" : "High Noise" } }} return to top distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution) distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: Zip version: (missing) fileDecompressionTechnique: Zip distributionFormat: (MD_Format) name: LAZ version: (missing) distributor: (MD_Distributor) distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: NOAA Office for Coastal Management contactInfo: (CI_Contact) phone: (CI_Telephone) voice: (843) 740-1202 address: (CI_Address) deliveryPoint: 2234 South Hobson Ave city: Charleston administrativeArea: SC postalCode: 29405-2413 country: (missing) electronicMailAddress: coastal.info@noaa.gov onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website description: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information role: (CI_RoleCode) distributor transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9120/details/9120 protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Customized Download description: Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download transferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions) onLine: (CI_OnlineResource) linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9120/index.html protocol: WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link name: Bulk Download description: Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document. They will be in an orthometric datum. function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download return to top dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality) scope: (DQ_Scope) level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset report: (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy) nameOfMeasure: Vertical Positional Accuracy evaluationMethodDescription: Branch County: The specifications require that only Non-vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) can be computed for raw lidar point cloud swath files. The vertical accuracy was tested with 37 independent surveys located in open terrain. These check points were not used in the calibration or post processing of the lidar point cloud data. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. Specifications for this project require that the NVA be 10 cm or better AccuracyZ at 95 percent confidence level. The 37 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.033 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 6.5 cm Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. The VVA was tested using 28 independent surveys located in open terrain. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. The 28 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.053 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 10.4 cm Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. Calhoun County: The specifications require that only Nonvegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) can be computed for raw lidar point cloud swath files. The vertical accuracy was tested with 45 independent surveys located in open terrain. These check points were not used in the calibration or post processing of the lidar point cloud data. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. Specifications for this project require that the NVA be 10 cm or better AccuracyZ at 95 percent confidence level. The NVA was tested using 45 independent surveys located in open terrain. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. The 45 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.051 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 10.0 cm Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. The VVA was tested using 35 independent surveys located in open terrain. The survey check points were distributed throughout the project. The 35 independent check points were surveyed using the closed level loop technique. Elevations from the unclassified lidar surface were measured for the x,y location of each check point. Elevations interpolated from the lidar surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control. The RMSE was computed to be 0.091 meters. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 17.9 cm Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95 Percent confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines. result: (missing) report: (DQ_CompletenessCommission) nameOfMeasure: Completeness Report evaluationMethodDescription: These raw LAS data files include all data points collected. No points have been removed or excluded. A visual qualitative assessment was performed to ensure data completeness. No void areas or missing data exist. The raw point cloud is of good quality and data passes Non-vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) specifications. result: (missing) report: (DQ_ConceptualConsistency) nameOfMeasure: Conceptual Consistency evaluationMethodDescription: Data cover the entire area specified for this project. result: (missing) lineage: (LI_Lineage) statement: (missing) processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: The base stations determine where LiDAR can be collected with the highest confidence of accuracy as determined by reading the same satellites in the aircraft and on the ground. Base stations typilcally are set at airports and provide coverage within 20 to 25 miles of the base if possible in order to cover in its entirety. Due to the timing constraints of weather and leaf off conditions requirement, and the high quality of the CORS network, the MIBC station located in Battle Creek and the MICW station located in Coldwater were used for this project. Both stations collect a 1 second sampling rate and are maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation. The purpose of boresighting is to determine the offset values for the IMU used in the LiDAR sensor. To determine the boresight offset values, the LiDAR sensor has to be flown in a certain configuration over a well-controlled site. The boresighting is done both prior to the flight of the project area and after. This insures that the quality of the LiDAR was maintained throughout the process. dateTime: DateTime: 2016-01-01T00:00:00 processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: Branch County: The aerial survey teams were deployed at the first opportunity based on availability of acceptable weather conditions. Due to snow cover and lake effect precipitation, the flight was delayed until March. ALTM-Nav Planner software was utilized to conduct the final flight planning. The sensor used was an Optech Gemini, which is owned and operated by GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. Due to weather conditions at the collection site or acquisition logistics, 14 total lifts were completed for collection. There were 90 project flight lines, and 6 cross flights collected of which 2 (lines 68 and 77) were used for calibrating. There was also 1 line (line 76) not used in production due to excessive cloud coverage that was successfully collected for coverage in an adjacent lift. The LiDAR acquisition started on March 22, 2017 and ended on April 24, 2017. Altitude: 5500 feet Aircraft Ground Speed: 125 knots Pulse Rate: 70.0 kHz Scan Rate: 43.6 Hz Full Field of View: 16 degrees Multi-Pulse: Yes Full Swath Width: 2630 feet Swath Overlap: 50% Average Point Density: 2.0 pts/m^2 Calhoun County: The aerial survey teams were deployed at the first opportunity based on availability of acceptable weather conditions. Due to snow cover and lake effect precipitation, the flight was delayed until April. Leica’s AeroPlan software was utilized to conduct the final flight planning. The sensor used was a Leica ALS70, which is owned and operated by Kucera International. There were 37 project flight lines, and 1 cross flight collected. The LiDAR acquisition started on April 18, 2017 in which one lift was achieved. Due to weather concerns, two aircraft were initially deployed. Due to sensor complications, a re-flight of the northern portion of the county was performed 5 days later on April 23, 2017 in which two lifts were achieved. Altitude: 7500 meters Aircraft Ground Speed: 150 knots Pulse Rate: 263.2 kHz Scan Rate: 48.1 Hz Full Field of View: 38 degrees Multi-Pulse: Yes Full Swath Width: 4650 meters Swath Overlap: 20% Average Point Density: 2.3 pts/m^2 Solar activity reached low levels on 17-18 Apr due to isolated C-class flare activity from Region 2651 (N12, L= 070, class/area=Cso/150 on 23 Apr), but solar activity was at very low levels through the remainder of the period (19-23 Apr). dateTime: DateTime: 2017-01-01T00:00:00 processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: Branch County: Continental team utilized PosPac v7.1 software to process sbet and precision files. Optech Lidar Mapping Suite v2.4.1.14540 was used for LAS creation. Calhoun County: Continental team utilized Leica’s CloudPro to initially process data and convert to LAS format. TerraMatch was used to refine calibration of LiDAR dataset. Trajectory files and point cloud swaths are imported into GeoCue to perform project setup. Project set up phase sets project parameters, tiling scheme, and is platform for initial macro runs. After import, checkpoints are run against point cloud to verify accuracy of data prior to classification. After verifying the accuracy, processing continues. Multiple macros are run through TerraScan to flag overlap and classify ground. Due to differing terrain, this step may take multiple iterations. Once analyst has verified results with ground macro, ground classification QC begins. During QC phase, analysts reclassify point cloud in areas where macro was not able to or were mis-classified. Multiple macros are run on dataset after ground classification complete including water macros. Water macros utilize the hydro breaklines that were manually digitized. Digitized breaklines were classified as ponds and rivers. After the hydro features were digitized, the ponds were flattened. This process calculated lowest elevation of the feature, and used that elevation to populate remaining vertices. This process verifies that all ponds are flat. River polygons that were digitized were ran against a monotonicity tool. This tool utilized elevation of a centerline that had correct elevation and pushed that elevation to the river polygon. This process not only maintains the monotonicity of the river, but also ensures that the river is flat from bank to bank. Then rigorous quality steps are performed each classification level. Bare earth lidar points that were within 3 feet of the water were classified to class 10. After analysts completed QC process in TerraScan, raster files were produced into 32-bit floating GeoTiffs and Erdas Imagine IMG files using LP360 (Branch County) or Global Mapper (Calhoun County). These files were created using only ground class. DEMS are ran against proprietary tools to identify any remaining potential blunders. dateTime: DateTime: 2017-01-01T00:00:00 processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: The calibrated and controlled lidar files were processed using automatic point classification routines in proprietary software. These routines operate against the entire collection (all swaths, all lifts), eliminating character differences between files. The trajectory files and point cloud swaths were imported into GeoCue to perform project setup. This project set up phase set the project parameters, tiling scheme, and was the platform for initial macro runs. After import, checkpoints were run against the point cloud to verify the accuracy of the data prior to classification. After verifying the NVA accuracy, the processing continued. Multiple macros were run through TerraScan to classify low points, high points, ground, below surface etc. Geometrically unusable points below ground and above ground were classified to Withheld Low Noise (W7) and Withheld High Noise (W18). Points below ground surface that were identified as low points were classified to class 7. A bare earth ground surface was derived from the unclassed points and put to class 2 using a suitable macro function for the project's terrain type. Points above the treeline that were not identified as a feature were classified to class 18. Ground points inside of water features were classifed to class 9 to represent water and ground points outside of hydro features but within 3 feet of hydro breaklines were classified to class 10. All remaining points were classified to class 1. Final lidar LAS delivery classes for the fully classed LAS tiles consistent with ASPRS LAS classes to be compliant with USGS LiDAR Guidelines and Base Specifications v13 consist of: Class 1 - Unclassified; Class 2 - Ground; Class 7 – Low Noise; Class 9 - Water; Class 10 - Ignored Ground (including 3-foot buffer around water breaklines); Class 17 - Bridge; and Class 18 - High Noise. Once the analyst was comfortable with the ground macro results, the ground classification QC began using TerraScan. During the QC phase, analysts reclassified the point cloud in areas where the macro was not able to, or created misclassifications. The same rigorous quality steps were performed on each classification. Data were then distributed as virtual tiles to experienced lidar analysts for localized automatic classification, manual editing, and peer-based QC checks. Supervisory QC monitoring of work in progress and completed editing ensured consistency of classification character and adherence to project requirements across the entire project. Upon completion of point classification, an automated process was executed to turn any points to class 1 in the Fully Classified LAS files and to delete all points that fell outside of the provided project buffered boundary. Breaklines were digitized at water elevation for any bodies of water over the entire project area including streams greater than 100ft in nominal width, water bodies greater than 2.0 acres in area, and islands greater than 1.0 acre. A macro was then run to classify points that lay at nominal water elevation to class 9 from 2 that fell within bodies of water. Concurrently a 3-foot buffer zone around water polygons was derived from the ground class and put to class 10 as Ignored Ground. Water bodies and streams with flow were hydro-enforced using the Hydro shapefile to identify Ponds, Islands, and Double Line Drains to demonstrate the removal of unnatural surface artifacts in both ponds and streams and to show downward flow for streams. A DEM data set was generated for the Bare Earth LAS set as 32-bit Erdas Imagine .IMG files at a resolution of 2.0 ft (feet) supported by the Hydro Breaklines. dateTime: DateTime: 2017-01-01T00:00:00 processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: Continental utilized various software packages and techniques to verify the accuracy of the data. Utilizing QCoherent’s LP360, Continental ran a survey to las check, followed by seamline analysis (swath to swath analysis) to verify the absolute and relative accuracy of the dataset. The survey to las check calculates the deviation between the survey point elevation and the point cloud elevation and exports an RMSE report. This check was ran by Continental, utilizing the provided control. This check was also ran by Compass Data Inc. utilizing the NVA points. The second check, calculates the deviation between the seamlines of the point cloud swaths. This check is performed in QCoherent’s GeoCue after classifying the initial ground. The output of the seamline analysis is represented visually on an intensity image. These images were delivered with the project deliverables. The third and final check, the Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA) testing occurred after the ground classification has been completed. The VVA testing was performed by Compass Data, Inc. The field survey and aerial survey teams were deployed at the first opportunity based on availability of acceptable weather conditions and base personnel (for coordination). The area of interest contains subareas of dense vegetation which present fewer bare ground returns, higher variability, and potentially less accuracy than typical vegetated areas. Per the table below the survey accuracy results meet industry standards for both NVA and VVA based on the ground survey control points collected in December. Once all of the deliverables have been produced and verified, the data was moved to the Quality office for final review. The Quality Office verifies that the correct procedures were followed, tests the data, and verifies that all of the deliverables in the SOW are finished. dateTime: DateTime: 2017-01-01T00:00:00 processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded the laz files from these USGS sites: ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/USGS_LPC_MI_BranchCo_2017_LAS_2019 Number of laz files: 648 ftp://rockyftp.cr.usgs.gov/vdelivery/Datasets/Staged/Elevation/LPC/Projects/USGS_LPC_MI_CalhounCo_2017_LAS_2019 Number of laz files: 885 The total number of files downloaded and processed was 1533. The data were in Michigan State Plane South (NAD83 2011), international feet coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid12B) elevations in feet. From the provided report, the data were classified as: 1 - Unclassified, 2 - Ground, 7 - Low Noise, 9 - Water, 10 - Ignored Ground, 17 - Bridge Decks, 18 - High Noise. OCM processed all classifications of points to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). Classes available in the DAV are: 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 17, 18. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. An internal OCM script was run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps and intensity ranges. 2. Internal OCM scripts were run on the laz files to convert from orthometric (NAVD88) elevations to ellipsoid elevations using the Geoid12B model, to convert from Michigan State Plane South (NAD83 2011), international feet coordinates to geographic coordinates, to convert from elevations in feet to meters, to assign the geokeys, to sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to http. dateTime: DateTime: 2020-06-22T00:00:00 processor: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Office for Coastal Management role: (CI_RoleCode) processor source: (LI_Source) description: Source Contribution: This data source was used (along with the airborne GPS/IMU Data) to georeferencing of the lidar point cloud data. scaleDenominator: (MD_RepresentativeFraction) denominator: 50 sourceCitation: (CI_Citation) title: Ground Control for Branch and Calhoun Counties, MI lidar project date: (CI_Date) date: 2016-11-01 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Compass Data Inc. role: (CI_RoleCode) originator sourceExtent: (EX_Extent) temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimeInstant: timePosition: 2017-03-22 source: (LI_Source) description: Source Contribution: This data source was used (along with the airborne GPS/IMU Data) to georeferencing of the lidar point cloud data. scaleDenominator: (MD_RepresentativeFraction) denominator: 50 sourceCitation: (CI_Citation) title: Lidar Acquisition for Branch County, MI Lidar Project date: (CI_Date) date: 2017-04-24 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: GRW Aerial Surveys, Inc. role: (CI_RoleCode) originator sourceExtent: (EX_Extent) temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent) extent: TimeInstant: timePosition: 2017-04-24 source: (LI_Source) sourceCitation: (CI_Citation) title: Lidar Acquisition for Calhoun County, MI Lidar Project date: (CI_Date) date: 2017-04-23 dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty) organisationName: Kucera International, Inc. role: (CI_RoleCode) originator processStep: (LI_ProcessStep) description: The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes: dateTime: DateTime: 2023-07-01T10:12:50 processor: (CI_ResponsibleParty) individualName: NOAA Office for Coastal Management contactInfo: (CI_Contact) address: (CI_Address) electronicMailAddress: coastal.info@noaa.gov role: (CI_RoleCode) processor | |