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        <gco:CharacterString>Product: These lidar data are processed dlassified LAS 1.4 files, formatted to 2,477 individual 1,500 m x 1,500 m tiles; used to create intensity images, 3D breaklines and hydro-flattened DEMs as necessary.
Geographic Extent: Five counties in New York, covering approximately 1,935 total square miles. 
Dataset Description: The New York FEMA 2017 LiDAR project called for the planning, acquisition, processing, and derivative products of lidar data to be collected at a nominal pulse spacing (NPS) of 0.71 meters. Project specifications are based on the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Program Base LiDAR Specification, Version 1.3. LiDAR data were delivered as processed Classified LAS 1.4 files formatted to 2,477 individual 1,500-meter x 1,500-meter tiles, as tiled intensity imagery, and as tiled bare earth DEMs; all tiled to the same 1,500-meter x 1,500-meter schema. Continuous breaklines were produced in Esri file geodatabase format. 
Ground Conditions: LiDAR was collected in spring of 2018, while no snow was on the ground and rivers were at or below normal levels. In order to post process the LiDAR data to meet task order specifications and meet ASPRS vertical accuracy guidelines, Quantum Spatial, Inc. utilized a total of 44 ground control points that were used to calibrate the LiDAR to known ground locations established throughout the project area. An additional 129 independent accuracy checkpoints, 71 in Bare Earth and Urban landcovers (71 NVA points), 58 in Tall Weeds categories (58 VVA points), were used to assess the vertical accuracy of the data. These checkpoints were not used to calibrate or post process the data.

The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded the 2477 las files from the New York State GIS site. The data were downloaded from this URL: ftp://ftp.gis.ny.gov/elevation/LIDAR/FEMA_FultonSaratogaHerkimerFranklin2017/. The data were processed to the Data Access Viewer (DAV) and http. In addition to these lidar point data, the bare earth Digital Elevation Models (DEM) created from the lidar point data are also available. These data are available for custom download at the link provided in the URL section of this metadata record.
This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
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        <gco:CharacterString>To acquire detailed surface elevation data for use in conservation planning, design, research, floodplain mapping, dam safety assessments and elevation modeling, etc. Classified LAS files are used to show the manually reviewed bare earth surface. This allows the user to create intensity images, breaklines and raster DEMs. The purpose of these LiDAR data was to produce high accuracy 3D hydro-flattened digital elevation models (DEMs) with a 1-meter cell size. These raw LiDAR point cloud data were used to create classified LiDAR LAS files, intensity images, 3D breaklines, and hydro-flattened DEMs as necessary.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Quantum Spatial, Inc.
			The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Jul 01, 2025 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
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            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:Decimal>-73.92525473</gco:Decimal>
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                <gco:Decimal>42.94240939</gco:Decimal>
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                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-1">
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                  <gml:endPosition>2018-05-09</gml:endPosition>
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        <gco:CharacterString>USGS Contract No. G16PC00016, Task Order No. 140G0218F0009; CONTRACTOR: Quantum Spatial, Inc.
   The following are the USGS lidar fields in JSON:
              {
                

    "ldrinfo" : {
              

    "ldrspec" : "USGS-NGP Base Specification v1.2",

    "ldrsens" : "Leica ALS80",

    "ldrmaxnr" : "Unlimited",

    "ldrnps" : "0.71",

    "ldrdens" : "2",

    "ldranps" : "0.62",

    "ldradens" : "2.6",

    "ldrfltht" : "2013",

    "ldrfltsp" : "155",

    "ldrscana" : "18",

    "ldrscanr" : "51.6",

    "ldrpulsr" : "270.4",

    "ldrpulsd" : "4",

    "ldrpulsw" : "0.44",

    "ldrwavel" : "1064",

    "ldrmpia" : "1",

    "ldrbmdiv" : "0.22",

    "ldrswatw" : "1305.17",

    "ldrswato" : "42.87",

    "ldrgeoid" : "GEOID 12B",

    "ldrcrs" : "NAD 1983 (2011) State Plane New York East FIPS 3101, meters"
  },

    "ldraccur" : {
              

    "ldrchacc" : "0",

    "rawnva" : "0.129",

    "rawnvan" : "71"
  },

    "lasinfo" : {
              

    "lasver" : "1.4",

    "lasprf" : "6",

    "laswheld" : "Withheld (ignore) points were identified in these files using the standard LAS Withheld bit",

    "lasolap" : "Swath "overage" points were identified in these files using the standard LAS overlap bit",

    "lasintr" : "16",

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "1",

    "clasitem" : "Processed, but Unclassified"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "2",

    "clasitem" : "Bare-Earth Ground"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "7",

    "clasitem" : "Low Noise"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "9",

    "clasitem" : "In-land Water"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "10",

    "clasitem" : "Ignored Ground"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "17",

    "clasitem" : "Bridge Decks"
  },

    "lasclass" : {
              

    "clascode" : "18",

    "clasitem" : "High Noise"
  }
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        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gco:CharacterString>Zip</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:version gco:nilReason="missing"/>
          <gmd:fileDecompressionTechnique>
            <gco:CharacterString>Zip</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmd:distributionFormat>
      <gmd:distributionFormat>
        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gco:CharacterString>LAS/LAZ - LASer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:fileDecompressionTechnique>
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        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:phone>
                    <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                      <gmd:voice>
                        <gco:CharacterString>(843) 740-1202</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>2234 South Hobson Ave</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:city>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Charleston</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:country gco:nilReason="missing"/>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>coastal.info@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:protocol>
                      <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Office for Coastal Management Website</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Office for Coastal Management Home Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9328/details/9328</gmd:URL>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Customized Download</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Create custom data files by choosing data area, product type, map projection, file format, datum, etc. A new metadata will be produced to reflect your request using this record as a base. Change to an orthometric vertical datum is one of the many options.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
        </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
      </gmd:transferOptions>
      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid18/9328/index.html</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Bulk Download</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document. They will be in an orthometric datum.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
        </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
      </gmd:transferOptions>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Vertical Positional Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>The project specifications require that only Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (NVA) be computed for raw LiDAR point cloud swath files. The required accuracy (ACCz) is: 19.6 cm at a 95% confidence level, derived according to NSSDA, i.e., based on RMSE of 10 cm in the "bare earth" and "urban" land cover classes. The NVA was tested with 71 checkpoints located in bare earth and urban (non-vegetated) areas. These checkpoints were not used in the calibration or post processing of the LiDAR point cloud data. The checkpoints were distributed throughout the project area and were surveyed using GPS techniques. Elevations from the unclassified LiDAR surface were measured for the x,y location of each checkpoint. Elevations interpolated from the LiDAR surface were then compared to the elevation values of the surveyed control points. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 19.6 cm or better Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95% confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines.
The project specifications require the accuracy (ACCz) of the derived DEM be calculated and reported in two ways: 
1. The required NVA is: 19.6 cm at a 95% confidence level, derived according to NSSDA, i.e., based on RMSE of 10 cm in the "bare earth" and "urban" land cover classes. This is a required accuracy. The NVA was tested with 71 checkpoints located in bare earth and urban (non-vegetated) areas. 
2. Vegetated Vertical Accuracy (VVA): VVA shall be reported for "tall weeds" land cover classes. The target VVA is: 29.4 cm at the 95th percentile, derived according to ASPRS Guidelines, Vertical Accuracy Reporting for LiDAR Data, i.e., based on the 95th percentile error in all vegetated land cover classes combined. This is a target accuracy. The VVA was tested with 58 checkpoints located in forested and tall weeds (vegetated) areas. The checkpoints were distributed throughout the project area and were surveyed using GPS techniques. AccuracyZ has been tested to meet 19.6 cm or better Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy at 95% confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA); assessed and reported using National Digital Elevation Program (NDEP)/ASRPS Guidelines.

Tested 0.129 meters NVA at a 95% confidence level (6.6 cm RMSE) using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA). The NVA of the raw LiDAR point cloud swath files was calculated against TINs derived from the final calibrated and controlled swath data using 71 independent checkpoints located in Bare Earth and Urban land cover classes.

Tested 0.129 meters NVA at a 95% confidence level using RMSE(z) x 1.9600 as defined by the National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA). The NVA of the DEM was calculated using 71 independent checkpoints located in the Bare Earth and Urban land cover categories.

Tested 0.217 meters VVA was calculated using 58 checkpoints located in the Forested and Tall Weeds land cover categories at the 95th percentile, derived according to ASPRS Guidelines, Vertical Accuracy Reporting for LiDAR Data. Tested against the DEM.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing"/>
        </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Completeness Report</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>These LAS data files include all data points collected. No points have been removed or excluded. A visual qualitative assessment was performed to ensure data completeness. No void areas or missing data exist. The raw point cloud is of good quality and data passes Non-Vegetated Vertical Accuracy specifications.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing"/>
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Data cover the entire area specified for this project.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing"/>
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>Data were collected and processed by Quantum Spatial, Inc. for FEMA. The data were downloaded from the New York State GIS ftp site by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) where the data were processed to make it available for custom download from the Data Access Viewer (DAV) and bulk download from https.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:statement>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The New York FEMA LiDAR project called for the planning, acquisition, processing, and derivative products of lidar data to be collected at a nominal pulse spacing (NPS) of 0.71 meters. Project specifications are based on the U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Program Base LiDAR Specification, Version 1.3. The data were developed based on a horizontal projection/datum of NAD83 (2011), State Plane New York East FIPS 3101, meters and vertical datum of NAVD88 (GEOID 12B), meters. LiDAR data were delivered as processed Classified LAS 1.4 files formatted to 2,477 individual 1,500-meter x 1,500-meter tiles, as tiled intensity imagery, and as tiled bare earth DEMs; all tiled to the same 1,500-meter x 1,500-meter schema. Continuous breaklines were produced in Esri file geodatabase format.

Ground Conditions: LiDAR was collected in spring of 2018, while no snow was on the ground and rivers were at or below normal levels. In order to post process the LiDAR data to meet task order specifications and meet ASPRS vertical accuracy guidelines, Quantum Spatial, Inc. utilized a total of 44 ground control points that were used to calibrate the LiDAR to known ground locations established throughout the project area. An additional 129 independent accuracy checkpoints, 71 in Bare Earth and Urban landcovers (71 NVA points), 58 in Tall Weeds categories (58 VVA points), were used to assess the vertical accuracy of the data. These checkpoints were not used to calibrate or post process the data</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
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          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>LAS Point Classification: The point classification was performed as described below. The bare earth surface was manually reviewed to ensure correct classification on the Class 2 (Ground) points. After the bare-earth surface was finalized, it was then used to generate all hydro-breaklines through heads-up digitization. All ground (ASPRS Class 2) LiDAR data inside of the Lake Pond and Double Line Drain hydro-flattened breaklines were then classified to Water (ASPRS Class 9) using TerraScan macro functionality. A buffer of 1 meter was also used around each hydro-flattened feature to classify these ground (ASPRS Class 2) points to Ignored ground (ASPRS Class 20). All Lake Pond Island and Double Line Drain Island features were checked to ensure that the ground (ASPRS Class 2) points were reclassified to the correct classification after the automated classification was completed. All overlap data was processed through automated functionality provided by TerraScan to classify the overlapping flight line data to approved classes by USGS. The overlap data was classified using standard LAS overlap bit. These classes were created through automated processes only and were not verified for classification accuracy. Due to software limitations within TerraScan, these classes were used to trip the withheld bit within various software packages. These processes were reviewed and accepted by USGS through numerous conference calls and pilot study areas. All data were manually reviewed and any remaining artifacts removed using functionality provided by TerraScan and TerraModeler. Global Mapper was used as a final check of the bare earth dataset. GeoCue was then used to create the deliverable industry-standard LAS files for both the All Point Cloud Data and the Bare Earth. Quantum Spatial, Inc. proprietary software was used to perform final statistical analysis of the classes in the LAS files, on a per tile level to verify final classification metrics and full LAS header information.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2018-01-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded 2477 las files from ftp://ftp.gis.ny.gov/elevation/LIDAR/FEMA_FultonSaratogaHerkimerFranklin2017/.

The data were in NY State Plane East (NAD83 2011), meters coordinates and NAVD88 (Geoid12B) elevations in meters. The data were classified as: 1 - Unclassified, 2 - Ground, 7 - Low Noise, 9 - Water,10 - Ignored Ground, 17 - Bridge Decks, 18 - High Noise. OCM processed all classifications of points to the Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV). Classes available on the DAV are: 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 17, 18.

OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes:

1. The las files were converted from las format to laz format using laszip.

2. Internal OCM scripts were run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps, elevation, and intensity ranges.

3. Internal OCM scripts were run on the laz files to:

a. Convert from orthometric (NAVD88) elevations to ellipsoid elevations using the Geoid12B model

b. Convert the laz files from NY State Plane East (NAD83 2011), meters coordinates to geographic coordinates

c. Filter points with elevation values less than 0.

d. Filter points outside the geographic range of the bounding coordinates of -76, 42, -73, 46 degrees

e. Assign the geokeys, sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to http.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2021-06-16T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:organisationName>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:processor>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>New York State GIS website</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing"/>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:source>
            <gmd:LI_Source>
              <gmd:sourceCitation>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Quantum Spatial, Inc.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date gco:nilReason="missing"/>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:sourceCitation>
            </gmd:LI_Source>
          </gmd:source>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>
							
The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID18) meters, using the GEOID18 grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. 

Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (https://rapidlasso.de/laszip/)


Processing notes: 

						</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2025-07-01T14:19:07
</gco:DateTime>
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              <gmd:processor>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:individualName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
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                        </gmd:CI_Address>
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                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="processor">processor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
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    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>
