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2019 AK DGGS Lidar: Utqiagvik - Atqasuk, Alaska
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        citation:  (CI_Citation)
            title:  2019 AK DGGS Lidar: Utqiagvik - Atqasuk, Alaska
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2019
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) creation
            date:  (CI_Date)
                date:  2022
                dateType:  (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
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                  Anchor:  InPort Catalog ID 67945
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                        linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67945
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=9615/details/9615
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                        name:  Custom DEM Download
                        description:  Link to custom download, from the Data Access Viewer (DAV), the raster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data that were created from this lidar data set.
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                        linkage: https://dggs.alaska.gov/webpubs/dggs/rdf/text/rdf2022_010.pdf
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                        name:  Lidar Report
                        description:  Link to the lidar report.
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                        linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/
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                        name:  NOAA's Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Data Access Viewer (DAV)
                        description:  The Data Access Viewer (DAV) allows a user to search for and download elevation, imagery, and land cover data for the coastal U.S. and its territories. The data, hosted by the NOAA Office for Coastal Management, can be customized and requested for free download through a checkout interface. An email provides a link to the customized data, while the original data set is available through a link within the viewer.
                        function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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        abstract:  Lidar-derived elevation data for the Utqiagvik-Atqasuk region, Alaska, collected August 2019, Raw Data File 2022-10, provides classified point cloud, digital terrain model (DTM), surface model (DSM), and intensity model data for the communities of Utqiagvik and Atqasuk and surrounding areas. The data were collected in support of the Alaska Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) program for the purpose of investigating the potential for future road infrastructure connecting the communities. Aerial lidar data were collected between August 19 and 23, 2019, and subsequently processed using a suite of geospatial processing software. These products are released as a Raw Data File with an open end-user license. All files can be downloaded from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys website (http://doi.org/10.14509/30870). The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded this data set from this AK DGGS site: https://elevation.alaska.gov/ These files were processed to the NOAA Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV) and AWS S3. The total number of files downloaded and processed was 2128. During processing, NOAA OCM noted that there are lidar points on structures that are classified as ground. In addition to the lidar point data, the bare earth Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data at a 1 meter grid spacing, created from the lidar point data are also available from the NOAA Digital Coast. Links to these data are provided in the URL section of this metadata record. This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data.
        purpose:  The data were collected in support of the Alaska Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) program for the purpose of investigating the potential for future road infrastructure connecting the communities.
        credit:  These data products were funded by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the State of Alaska's Arctic Strategic Transportation and Resources (ASTAR) project. We thank Clearwater Air, Inc., for their professional and expert flight services., Herbst, A.M. Daanen, R.P. The custom download may be cited as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Digital Coast Data Access Viewer. Charleston, SC: NOAA Office for Coastal Management. Accessed Jul 01, 2023 at https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer.
        status:  (MD_ProgressCode) completed
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            organisationName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
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                    voice:  (843) 740-1202
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                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
                    electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
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                    deliveryPoint:  2234 South Hobson Ave
                    city:  Charleston
                    administrativeArea:  SC
                    postalCode:  29405-2413
                    country: (missing)
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            fileName: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/9614/supplemental/ak2019_utqiagvik_m9614.kmz
            fileDescription:  This graphic displays the footprint for this lidar data set.
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        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION
            keyword:  EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) theme
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
            keyword:  CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > ALASKA
            keyword:  VERTICAL LOCATION > LAND SURFACE
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  12.3
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            keyword:  LIDAR > Light Detection and Ranging
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) instrument
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
                date: (missing)
                edition:  14.9
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            keyword:  Airplane > Airplane
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) platform
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                title:  Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
                date: (missing)
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        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Akilloaq
            keyword:  Amungna
            keyword:  Atqasuk
            keyword:  Avak Creek
            keyword:  Beaded Creek
            keyword:  Browerville
            keyword:  Cape Smyth
            keyword:  City of Atqasuk
            keyword:  Ekalgruak Lake
            keyword:  Emaiksoun Lake
            keyword:  Evrulivik Lake
            keyword:  Footprint Lake
            keyword:  Goose Point
            keyword:  Igtuluwik
            keyword:  Ikmakrak Lake
            keyword:  Ikroavik Lake
            keyword:  Imikpuk Lake
            keyword:  Inaru River
            keyword:  Ireniviq
            keyword:  Isatkoak Lagoon
            keyword:  Isatkoak Reservoir
            keyword:  Kigakrak
            keyword:  Kikoligarak Creek
            keyword:  Kiku
            keyword:  Kilusiktok Lake
            keyword:  Kimouksik Lake
            keyword:  Kugoosuguru
            keyword:  Kuogaguruq
            keyword:  Lake Sungovoak
            keyword:  Mayoeak River
            keyword:  Napawrax
            keyword:  Natirnuq
            keyword:  Nerravak Lagoon
            keyword:  Nigisaktuvik River
            keyword:  Niklavik Creek
            keyword:  Nulavik
            keyword:  Nunavak Bay
            keyword:  Pingoakeok Lake
            keyword:  Point Shedden
            keyword:  Qaaliiq
            keyword:  Saatkunak
            keyword:  Sikulik Lake
            keyword:  Sinaru
            keyword:  Singaruak Creek
            keyword:  Singat Creek
            keyword:  Sixtukak
            keyword:  Sukok Lake
            keyword:  Tekegakrok Point
            keyword:  Tikigaruk Point
            keyword:  Tractor Lake
            keyword:  Tuapaktushak Creek
            keyword:  Usuktuk River
            keyword:  Utqiagvik
            keyword:  Walakpa River
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) place
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                title:  Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys
                date: (missing)
        descriptiveKeywords:  (MD_Keywords)
            keyword:  Lidar - partner (no harvest)
            type:  (MD_KeywordTypeCode) project
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                title:  InPort
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            otherConstraints:  Cite As: OCM Partners, [Date of Access]: 2019 AK DGGS Lidar: Utqiagvik - Atqasuk, Alaska [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/67945.
        resourceConstraints:  (MD_Constraints)
            useLimitation:  NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.
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            otherConstraints:  Access Constraints: None | Use Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. | Distribution Liability: The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. Any conclusions drawn from the analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA, the Office for Coastal Management or its partners.
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            classification:  (MD_ClassificationCode) unclassified
            classificationSystem: (missing)
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                title:  2019 AK DGGS Lidar DEM: Utqiagvik - Atqasuk, Alaska
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                    code:  67940
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                            description:  NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.
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        spatialRepresentationType:  (MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode) vector
        language:  eng; US
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) elevation
        topicCategory:  (MD_TopicCategoryCode) geoscientificInformation
        extent:  (EX_Extent)
            geographicElement:  (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
                westBoundLongitude:  -157.730747
                eastBoundLongitude:  -156.233342
                southBoundLatitude:  70.479988
                northBoundLatitude:  71.345557
            temporalElement:  (EX_TemporalExtent)
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                  TimePeriod:
                    description:   | Currentness: Ground Condition
                    beginPosition:  2019-08-19
                    endPosition:  2019-08-23
        supplementalInformation:  >classified points: Classified point cloud data are provided in this collection in compressed LAZ format. Data are classified in accordance with ASPRS 2014 guidelines and contain return and intensity information. The average ground point spacing was 34 cm and the average density was 8.51 pts/m^2 >digital surface model: The DSM represents surface elevations including heights of vegetation, buildings, bridges, and other structures. The DSM is a single band, 32-bit GeoTIFF file, with a ground sample distance of 1 meter. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038. >digital terrain model: The DTM represents surface elevations of ground surfaces, excluding vegetation, bridges, buildings, etc. The DTM is a single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF file, with a ground sample distance of 1 meter. No Data value is set to -3.40282306074e+038. >lidar intensity image: The lidar intensity image describes the relative amplitude of reflected signals contributing to the point cloud. Lidar intensity is largely a function of scanned object reflectance in relation to the signal frequency, is dependent on ambient conditions, and is not necessarily consistent between separate scans. The intensity image is a single-band, 32-bit float GeoTIFF file with a ground sample distance of 1 meter. No Data value is set to 3.40282306074e+038 (32-bit, floating-point minimum).
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                        city:  Charleston
                        administrativeArea:  SC
                        postalCode:  29405-2413
                        country: (missing)
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                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
        transferOptions:  (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
            onLine:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                linkage: https://noaa-nos-coastal-lidar-pds.s3.amazonaws.com/laz/geoid12b/9614/index.html
                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                name:  Bulk Download
                description:  Bulk download of data files in LAZ format, geographic coordinates, orthometric heights. Note that the vertical datum (hence elevations) of the files here are different than described in this document. They will be in an orthometric datum.
                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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    dataQualityInfo:  (DQ_DataQuality)
        scope:  (DQ_Scope)
            level:  (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Horizontal Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  Horizontal accuracy was not measured for this collection.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy)
            nameOfMeasure:  Vertical Positional Accuracy
            evaluationMethodDescription:  A mean offset of -25.5 cm was measured between 19 control points and point cloud ground returns. This offset was reduced to 0.001 cm by performing a vertical transformation of the lidar point data. Thirty-three check points were used to determine the non-vegetated vertical accuracy (NVA) of the point cloud ground class, using a TIN-based approach. Project NVA was calculated to have a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.2 cm. Relative accuracy for this dataset was evaluated as the interswath overlap consistency and was measured at 0.95 cm RMSE. See the accompanying report for check points and additional detail.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_CompletenessCommission)
            nameOfMeasure:  Completeness Report
            evaluationMethodDescription:  This is a partial data release and contains all data collected except from the seven flightlines shown in figure 1 of the accompanying report. There is no over collect. The data quality is consistent throughout the survey.
            result: (missing)
        report:  (DQ_ConceptualConsistency)
            nameOfMeasure:  Conceptual Consistency
            evaluationMethodDescription:  DGGS visually inspected the orthoimage for data errors such as shifts, seamline mismatches, and water noise overlapping land. There were no significantly erroneous areas that required repair.
            result: (missing)
        lineage:  (LI_Lineage)
            statement:  Data were collected by the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (AK DGGS). OCM downloaded the data from the Alaska DGGS Elevation Portal and processed the data to be available for custom download from the NOAA Digital Coast Data Access Viewer (DAV) and for bulk download from AWS S3.
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Aerial photogrammetric survey - DGGS used a Riegl VUX1-LR laser scanner integrated with a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and Northrop Grumman LN-200C inertial measurement unit (IMU). The lidar integration system was designed by Phoenix LiDAR Systems. The sensor can collect up to 820,000 points per second over a distance of 150 m. This survey was flown with a pulse refresh rate of 400,000 pulses per second, at a scan rate between 80 and 220 lines per second. This survey was flown with an average elevation of 200 m above ground level and a ground speed of approximately 30 m/s with a fixed-wing configuration, using a Cessna 180. The scan angle was set from 80 to 280 degrees. The total area surveyed was approximately 1,595 km^2. Aerial lidar was collected between August 19 and 23, 2019. Seven flightlines collected on the evening of August 22 yielded too large a file for our software to process and the points from those lines are not represented in our final product.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2019-09-23T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Ground survey - Ground survey points from an UMIAQ, LLC, collection in September 2018, were used as control and checkpoint data for this dataset. These survey data were originally gathered in support of a USGS 3DEP funded lidar project, headed by Quantum Spatial (now NV5 Geospatial).
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2018-09-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  Photogrammetric dataset processing - Point data were processed in SDCimport software for initial filtering and multiple-time-around (MTA) disambiguation. MTA errors, corrected in this process, are the result of imprecise interpretations of received pulse time intervals and occur more frequently with higher pulse refresh rates. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were processed in Inertial Explorer and used to integrate flightline information with the point cloud in Spatial Explorer software. The point data were calibrated at an incrementally precise scale of sensor movement and behavior, incorporating sensor velocity, roll, pitch, and yaw fluctuations throughout the survey. Points were classified in accordance with American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2014 guidelines, using macros designed in Terrasolid software. Once classified, points underwent a geometric transformation and were converted from ellipsoidal heights to GEOID12B (Alaska) orthometric heights. Raster products were derived from the point cloud using ArcGIS Pro. The DTM was interpolated from all ground class returns using a TIN-based method. The DSM was likewise interpolated from only the first return points. An intensity image was also produced in ArcGIS Pro, using closest-to-mean binning.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2022-01-01T00:00:00
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:  The NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) downloaded 2128 laz files from the Alaska DGGS Elevation Portal at: https://elevation.alaska.gov/. The files were in UTM Zone 4 NAD83 (2011), meters coordinates and were in NAVD88 (Geoid12b) elevations in meters. The point classifications were: 1 - Unclassified , 2 - Ground, 3 - Low Vegetation, 4 - Medium Vegetation,7 - Low Noise, and 8 - Model Key Point. During the review, OCM noted that there were oddly placed artifact points that were classified as 8 - Model Key Points. OCM asked AK DGGS about these points, and they said that these points were "multiple-time around errors which weren't disambiguated in pre-processing. They were classified as model key points to separate them from other noise classes during classification." OCM reclassed these points from class 8 - Model Key Point to class 18 - High Noise. Also noted during processing, were that there are lidar points on structures that are classified as ground. Classes available on the DAV are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 18. OCM performed the following processing on the data for Digital Coast storage and provisioning purposes: 1. An internal OCM script was run to check the number of points by classification and by flight ID and the gps and intensity ranges. 2. Internal OCM scripts were run on the laz files to convert from orthometric (NAVD88) elevations to ellipsoid elevations using the Geoid12b model, to convert from UTM Zone 4 NAD83 (2011), meters coordinates to geographic coordinates, to reclass the class 8 points to class 18, to assign the geokeys, to sort the data by gps time and zip the data to database and to AWS S3.
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2022-10-12T00:00:00
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    organisationName:  Office for Coastal Management
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor
            source:  (LI_Source)
                sourceCitation:  (CI_Citation)
                    title:  Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (AK DGGS)
                    date: (missing)
                    citedResponsibleParty:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                        organisationName:  AK DGGS
                        contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                            onlineResource:  (CI_OnlineResource)
                                linkage: https://elevation.alaska.gov/
                                protocol:  WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
                                name:  AK DGGS Elevation Portal
                                description:  Source Citation URL
                                function:  (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
                        role:  (CI_RoleCode) originator
            processStep:  (LI_ProcessStep)
                description:   The vertical values in this data set have been converted to reference North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) (GEOID12B) meters, using the GEOID12B grids provided by the National Geodetic Survey. Any datum and projection transformations were then done with the Office for Coastal Management 'datum_shift' program. Compression to an LAZ file was done with the LAStools 'laszip' program and can be unzipped with the same free program (laszip.org) Processing notes:
                dateTime:
                  DateTime:  2023-07-01T05:29:41
                processor:  (CI_ResponsibleParty)
                    individualName:  NOAA Office for Coastal Management
                    contactInfo:  (CI_Contact)
                        address:  (CI_Address)
                            electronicMailAddress:  coastal.info@noaa.gov
                    role:  (CI_RoleCode) processor